论语 Analects of Confucius IV

Chapter 15, 卫灵公
Verse 1 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 卫灵公问陈于孔子。孔子对曰：“俎豆(二)之事，则尝闻之矣；军旅之事，未之学也。”明日遂行。 在陈绝粮，从者病，莫能兴。子路愠见曰：“君子亦有穷乎？”子曰：“君子固穷，小人穷斯滥矣。”
Modern: 卫灵公(一)向孔子请教有关战争的问题。孔子说：“礼仪祭祀等事务，我还知道一些；带兵打战，我从来没有学过。” 第二天就离开了卫国。 在陈国，途中缺粮，跟随他的学生都病倒，没有人站得起来。子路气呼呼地说：“君子也有穷途末路的时候？” 孔子说：“君子虽然有穷途末路的时候，仍然守着道德原则。小人穷途末路，便无所不为。”
English:Duke Ling(1) of State of Wei asked Confucius about military manoeurvers. Confucius replied:"As to the matters of rites, I am able to help. But I have not learnt anything about military matters." The next day, Confucius left the State of Wei. On the way to the State of Chen, they do not have any food supply and followers fell sick. Perturbed, Zi Lu said:"Can a gentleman be in a desperate situation?" Confucius said:" A gentleman can be in a desperate situation, but he will still uphold his morals and ethics. A non-gentleman when faced with similar situation would try anything. "
Verse 3 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“由，知德者鲜矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“仲由，知道德者真少。”
English: Confucius said:"Zhong You, rare are those who know virtues."
Verse 4 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“无为而治者其舜也与？夫何为哉？恭己正南面而已矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“自己从容安静似乎无所作为而使得天下得到治理的人，大概只有地舜吧？他干了什么？只是庄严端正地坐在自己的位置罢了。”
English: Confucius said:"There was only one person who does not have to do much when ruling and that is Shun. How he does it? By holding himself in a respectful posture, while sitting in his position."
Verse 5 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子张问行。子曰：“言忠信，行笃敬，虽蛮貊之邦行矣。言不忠信，行不笃敬，虽州里行乎哉？立，则见其参于前也；在舆，则见其倚于衡也，夫然后行。”子张书诸绅。
Modern: 子张问品行之道。孔子说：“说话守信，行事笃实，即使在蛮貊(一)等类似国家，也应该如此。说话不守信，行事不笃实，即使在自己在本乡本土，能行的通吗？站着时，看见这些话竖立在前面；坐车时，看见这些话斜靠在横木上；就是应有的品行。” 子张把这些话写在衣带上。
English: Zi Zhang asked about conduct. Confucius said:"Be true to your words and be sincere and respectful in conduct even in states similar to the State of Man(1) and State of Mo(1). If you are not true to your words, not sincere and respectful in conduct, you will face obstacles even in your own familiar environment. Remember these conduct, so much so it is seen in front of you all the time when you are standing, and seen on the wooden bar when you are seated in a carriage." Zi Zhang wrote this down on his sash.
Verse 6 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“直哉史鱼！邦有道，如矢；邦无道，如矢。君子哉蘧伯玉！邦有道，则仕；邦无道，则可卷而怀之。”
Modern: 孔子说：“史鱼(一)真是正直啊！国家政治廉明，正直无私，语言就如箭矢；国家政治黑暗，仍然无私无畏，正道直行，就像射出的箭。蘧(qú)伯玉真是一个君子啊！国家政治廉明，则出任政事；国家政治黑暗，就收束志向，退隐深居。”
English: Confucius said:"What an upright person Shi Yu(1) is! When the state is in proper order, his words are like the arrow. When the state is not in order, his actions are that of a released arrow, very straight." "What a gentleman, Qu Bo Yu is! When the state is in proper order, he took up public office to serve his state. When the state is not in order, he is able to quit public office and distance himself from chaos."
Verse 7 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“可与言而不与言，失人；不可与言而与之言，失言。知者不失人，亦不失言。”
Modern: 孔子说：“可以同他谈话的人，不与之谈话，这是错失了人。不可以同他谈话的人，却跟他谈了不该谈的事，这是语言有失。有智慧的人既不错失人，也不语言有失。”
English: Confucius said:" To fail to speak to a man who is capable of benefiting is to let a man go to waste. To speak to a man who is incapable of benefiting is to let one's words go to waste. A wise man lets neither men nor words go to waste
Verse 8 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁。
Modern: 孔子说：“有志于成为有仁德的人，不会为了生存而损害仁德，只会牺牲自己成全仁德。”
English: Confucius said:"A person who aims to be benevolent, will not sacrifice benevolence for survival, but would sacrifice themselves for benevolence."
Verse 9 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子贡问为仁。子曰：“工欲善其事，必先利其器。居是邦也，事其大夫之贤者，友其士之仁者。”
Modern: 子贡问怎么样实行仁德。孔子说：“工匠要做好工作，必定先要把器具磨到锋利。无论在任何国家，侍奉国内贤良的官员，跟国内仁德的人交朋友。”
English: Zi Gong asked about practice of benevolence. Confucius said:"A craftsman who wishes to practice his craft has to first sharpen his tools. When in any countries, seek to work for virtuous officials and make friends with the benevolent people, in the state"
Verse 10 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 颜渊问为邦。子曰：“行夏之时，乘殷之时，乘殷之辂，服周之冕，乐则韶舞。放郑声，远佞人，郑声淫，佞人殆。”
Modern: 颜渊问安邦之道。孔子说：“用夏代历法，坐殷代大车，带周代礼帽，欣赏《韶》(一)乐舞曲。摒弃郑国奢靡的乐曲，疏远奸邪谄媚的人。因为郑国乐曲淫逸，奸邪谄媚的人很阴险。”
English: Yan Yuan asked about governance. Confucius said:"Implement the Xia Dynasty calendar, ride in Yin-Shang Dynasty carriages, wear the Zhou Dynasty ceremonial headdress, and play the music of 'Shao'(1). Banish the music from State of Zheng and keep a distance from plausible man. Because the music from State of Zheng are wanton and plausible man are dangerous.
Verse 11 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“人无远虑，必有近忧。”
Modern: 孔子说：“一个人如果没有长远的打算，就会有即将到来的忧患。”
English: Confucius said:"He who gives no thoughts to the future is sure to be beset by worries much closer at hand.
Verse 12 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“已矣乎！吾未见好德如好色者也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“算了吧！我从来没有见过喜欢道德像喜欢美色一样。”
English: Confucius said:" All is lost! I have not seen someone who is as fond of virtue as he is of beauty of woman."
Verse 13 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“臧文仲其窃位者与，知柳下惠之贤，而不与立也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“臧文仲(一)是一个窃取职位的人吧？他了解柳下惠(一)的贤能，却不举荐，使其不能为国家出力。”
English: Confucius said:"Was not Zang Wen Zhong(1) like one who had stolen his position? Knowing the talent and virtue of Liu Xia Hui(1), he did not recommend that he be given a higher level position."
Verse 14 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“躬自厚，而薄责于人，则远怨矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“亲理政事，不要推卸责任，少责备别人，则怨愤自然减少。”
English: Confucius said:"If one does what is required of him, does not shirk responsibility and makes allowances for others when making demands on them, one will stay clear of ill will."
Verse 15 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“不曰‘如之何，如之何’者，吾末如之何也已矣！”
Modern: 孔子说：“不说‘怎么办？怎么办？’的人，我对这个人也不知道怎么办。”
English: Confucius said:"I do not know what is to be done to those who do not say,'what is to be done? What is to be done?'."
Verse 16 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“群居终日，言不及义，好行小慧，难矣哉！”
Modern: 孔子说：“整天据在一起，不说一句涉及公理、大义的话，只喜欢卖弄小聪明，这种人很难有所作为。”
English: Confucius said:"Those that gathered together everyday, what they speak does not touch on righteousness, moral or ethical and the inclination to act with inane cleverness, if is unlikely they will achieve something meaningful in life."
Verse 17 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“君子义以为质，礼以行之，孙以出之，信以成之。君子哉！”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子以义理为本质，按礼仪行事，以谦逊的态度说话，靠信用成就事业。此君子风范。”
English: Confucius said:"With righteous as his basic principle, acts in accordance to rites, behave with humility and is trusworthy, such a person is indeed a gentleman."
Verse 18 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“君子病无能焉，不病人之不己知也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子讨厌自己没有才能，不讨厌别人不欣赏自己。”
English: Confucius said:"A gentleman is distressed about his lack abilities and does not distress himself about others not appreciating him."
Verse 19 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“君子疾没世而名不称焉。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子所遗憾的是一生直到死，都没有什么被人称赞的。”
English: Confucius said:"The greatest regret of a gentleman is not being able leave a name when he is gone."
Verse 20 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“君子求诸己，小人求诸人。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子只对自己有所要求，小人只对别人有所要求。”
English: Confucius said:"A gentleman makes demands on himself, while the non-gentleman makes demands on others."
Verse 21 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“君子矜而不争，群而不党。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子庄重矜持，但不相互争持排挤；与人和睦相处，但不勾结私党。”
English: Confucius said:"The gentleman carries himself well and is not competitive. He socializes but does not form cliches"
Verse 22 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“君子不以言举人，不以人废言。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子不会因为别人的话，便举荐他；也不会因为别人的行止，而废弃他所说的话。”
English: Confucius said:"The gentleman does not recommend a man on account of what he says, neither does he dismiss what is said on account of the speaker."
Verse 23 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子贡问曰：“有一言而可以终身行之者乎？”子曰：“其恕乎！己所不欲勿施于人。”
Modern: 子贡问：“有没有一个字可以终身奉行？” 孔子说：“是‘恕’吧！自己不愿意的事情，也不加在别人身上。”
English: Zi Gong asked:"Is there a word with which we should act in accordance throughout our lifetime?" Confucius replied:"It is 'forgiveness'. Do not do unto other what you do not want others to do unto you."
Verse 24 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“吾之于人也，谁毁谁誉。如有所誉者，其有所试矣。斯民也，三代之所以直道而行也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“我平素对待别人，毁谤过谁，称赞过谁？如果有所赞誉，那也是经过多次的考验。夏、商、周三代的人就是这样做的，所以社会风气纯正、民风淳厚。”
English: Confucius said:"Whom among the men have I chastised or celebrated. To those whom I celebrated, they have been put to the test. It has been this way throughout the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties which explain why things are in proper order."
Verse 25 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“吾犹及史之阙文也。有马者借人乘之，今亡矣夫！”
Modern: 孔子说：“我还赶得及看到史官搁着不写的地方。有马的人，先借给别人乘骑。现在再也见不到了。”
English: Confucius said:"I am old enough to have seen historical scribes who lacked refinement. Those who had horses would permit others to drive them. Nowadays, there are, I suppose, no longer such cases."
Verse 26 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“巧言乱德。小不忍则乱大谋。”
Modern: 孔子说：“机巧善辩，是扰乱德义的祸根，小事不能忍耐，便会破坏大计。”
English: Confucius said:"Artful words is the root of being non-virtuous.Intolerance in small matters would lead to failure in big plans."
Verse 27 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“众恶之，必察焉；众好之，必察焉。”
Modern: 孔子说：“众人都讨厌，一定要深入观察。众人都喜爱，也必须深入观察。”
English: Confucius said:"Things that people hate, take heed. Things that people like, take heed."
Verse 28 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“人能弘道，非道弘人。”
Modern: 孔子说：“人能弘扬大道，并非大道能够弘扬人。”
English: Confucius said:"Man can exalt the Way, not the Way can exalt Man."
Verse 29 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“过而不改，是谓过矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“知错不改，也是过失。”
English: Confucius said:"Having made a mistake and not to correct it, is another mistake itself."
Verse 30 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“吾尝终日不食，终夜不寝，以思，无益，不如学也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“我曾经整日不吃东西，整晚不睡觉，只管思考，却没有进益，仍然比不上学习。”
English: Confucius said:"I once spent all day thinking without taking food and all night thinking without going to sleep, but I found that I gained nothing. It would have been better for me to have spent the time on learning."
Verse 31 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
English: Confucius said:"The gentleman devotes his mind to attain the Way, and not worry about securing food. Plough and there is hunger. Learn and there is emolument of official.The gentleman worries about the Way and not about poverty."
Modern: 孔子说：“君子只图谋光大道德，不图谋衣食。种地的人，衣食温饱就在其中。做学问，则官职俸禄自在其中。君子忧虑道德的修养，而不忧虑贫穷。”
Original: 子曰：“君子谋道不谋食。耕也，馁在其中矣；学也，禄在其中矣。君子忧道不忧贫。”
Verse 32 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“知及之，仁不能守之，虽得之，必失之。知及之，仁能守之，不庄以莅之，则民不敬。知及之，仁能守之，庄以莅之，动之不以礼，未善也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“用智慧得来，却不用仁德去守卫；虽然得到，也必定会失去。用智慧得来，用仁德守卫，却不用庄重的态度去驾驭，那么人民便不会尊敬。用智慧得来，用仁德守卫，用庄重的态度去驾驭，却不按礼仪行动，仍然不够好。”
English: Confucius said:"What is attained with wisdom but not secured with benevolence is equivalent to not attaining it. What is attained with wisdom, secured with benevolence but not presided over with dignity, will not be respected by the people. What is attained with wisdom, secured with benevolence, presided over with dignity, but not enacted in accordance with the rites will not yet be complete."
Verse 33 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“君子不可小知而可大受也；小人不可大受而可小知也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子不以小聪明可取，却能授予大任。小人不能授予大任，却以小聪明可取。”
English: Confucius said:"A gentleman is meant for great tasks and not petty cleverness. A non-gentleman is meant for petty cleverness but not great tasks."
Verse 34 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“民之于仁也，甚于水火。水火，吾见蹈而死者矣，未见蹈仁而死者也！”
Modern: 孔子说：“对于人民，仁道比水火还重要。我见过陷于水火而致死的人，未见过走在仁道上，而致死的人。”
English: Confucius said:"For the people, benevolence is more important than water and fire. I have seen people died stepping into fire and water but I have never seen one died because of stepping into and practice benevolence."
Verse 35 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“当仁，不让于师。”
Modern: 孔子说：“面对仁德的事情，不需对老师谦让。”
English: Confucius said:"In carrying out acts of benevolence, there is no need to wait for the teacher."
Verse 36 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“君子贞而不谅。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子坚贞，不理会别人的信念。”
English: Confucius said:"A gentleman is faithful to what is right, irrespective of other's faith."
Verse 37 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“事君，敬其事而后其食。”
Modern: 孔子说：“侍奉君主，首先做事尽责，后才考虑俸禄。”
English: Confucius said:"In serving one's lord, one should approach one's duties with reverence and consider one's pay as of secondary importance."
Verse 38 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“有教无类。”
Modern: 孔子说：“教学要一视同仁。”
English: Confucius said:"Teach without discrimination."
Verse 39 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 子曰：“道不同，不相为谋。”
Modern: 孔子说：“主张不同，就不能共同谋划。”
English: Confucius said:"There is no point in people taking counsel together who follow different principles, moral grounds and interests."
Verse 40 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
English: Confucius said:" It is enough that the language one uses gets the point across."
Modern: 孔子说：“言辞能表达思想就可以了。”
Original: 子曰：“辞达而已矣。”
Verse 41 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 15
Original: 师冕见，及阶，子曰：“阶也。”及席，子曰：“席也。”皆坐，子告之曰：“某在斯，某在斯。” 师冕出，子张问曰：“与师言之道与？”子曰：“然，固相师之道也。
Modern: 师冕来见孔子，走道台阶前，孔子说：“这是台阶。” 走到座席前，孔子说：“这是座席。” 所有人坐下后，孔子告诉他说：“某某在这里，某某在那里。” 师冕出去后，子张问：“这是跟乐官说话的方法吗？” 子张答道：“对，这固然是辅助乐官的方法。”
English: Mian, the music master, went to see Confucius. On reaching the steps, Confucius said:"You are at the steps." On reaching the sitting mat, Confucius said:"You are at the mat." When all were seated, Confucius told Mian where everyone was. After Mian has left, Zi Zhang asked:"Is that the way to speak to the music master?" Confucius said:"Yes, this is the way to assist the music master."

Chapter 16, 季氏
Verse 1 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 16
Original: 季氏将伐颛臾。冉有、季路见于孔子曰：“季氏将有事于颛臾。”
孔子曰：“求，无乃尔是过与？夫颛臾，昔者先王以为东蒙主，且在邦域之中矣，是社稷之臣也。何以伐为？”
冉有曰：“夫子欲之，吾二臣者皆不欲也。”
孔子曰：“求，周任有言曰：‘陈力就列，不能者止。’危而不持，颠而不扶，则将焉用彼相矣？且尔言过矣，虎兕出于柙，龟玉毁于椟中，是谁之过与？”
冉有曰：“今夫颛臾，固而近于费，今不取，后世必为子孙忧。”
孔子曰：“求，君子疾夫舍曰欲之而必为之辞。丘也闻，有国有家者，不患寡而患不均，不患贫而患不安。盖均无贫，和无寡，安无倾。夫如是，故远人不服，则修文德以来之；既来之，则安之。今由与求也，相夫子，远人不服，而不能来也；邦分崩离析，而不能守也；而谋动干戈于邦内。吾恐季氏之忧，不在颛臾，而在萧墙之内也。”
Modern: 季氏将讨伐颛臾。冉有、季路来见孔子，说：“季氏将要攻取颛臾。”
孔子说：“冉求，难道不是你的过失吗？颛臾从前由先王指派负责东蒙祭祀；不单止在国境内，而且供奉的社稷也相同。为甚么还要讨伐？”
冉有说：“季氏要这样做，我们两个臣子都不愿意。”
孔子说：“冉求，周任说过‘按能力任职，如有不逮，便当辞职’遇到危险却不去支持，快要倒下却不扶起来，何必要这种人辅助？而且你的话错了。试问老虎兕(sì)牛从栏杆里逃出，龟甲美玉在匣子李毁坏，是谁的过失？”
冉有说：“今夫颛臾城郭坚固，而且接近费邑，向在不攻取，将来必定为子孙带来忧患。”
孔子说：“冉求，君子讨厌不说实话、砌辞掩饰得人。我听说过有国有家的人，不担心缺乏财富，只担心财富不平均；不担心贫穷，只担心社会不安定。财富平均便不致贫穷，和谐便不致缺乏，社会便不会倾覆。要是做到这样，远方的人还不信服，就修养好文学德行，使他们归顺。既然归顺了，便安定他们。现在仲由和冉求辅助季氏，远方的人不信服，而又不归顺；结果国家支离破碎，无法自守；你们还想在国内动干戈。我恐怕季孙的忧患不在颛臾，却是在萧墙之内。”
English: Ji was about to attack Zhuan Yu. Ran You and Zi Lu went to see Confucius and said:"Ji will be taking action against Zhuan Yu."
Confucius said:"Ran Qiu, is it not obvious that it is your fault? Zhuan Yu was designated long ago by former emperor, to be responsible for Meng Mountain Rites and it serves the same lord. Why attack?"
Ran You said:"My lord wishes to do it, but that is not the intention of us, the two officials."
Confucius said:"Ran You, Zhou Ren has said 'One should take up position according to our capabilities, if one falls short, he should relinquish the position.' Of what use if one does not help another in danger or one does not support when you see another about to fall. Besides your words are wrong. Whose fault is it if the tiger or the one horned beast escape from the cages, or if the tortoise shell and the jade are damaged in their cages?"
Ran You said:"But now Zhuan Yu is well fortified and near the city of Fei. If we do not take it now, our descendants will be troubled for generations to come."
Confucius said:"Ran You, the gentleman deplore those that do not say what they mean or disguised his words. I have heard that the lord of a state or a family concerns himself with uneven distribution and not scarcity. Concerns himself with discontent and not poverty. For where there is even distribution, there is no poverty. Where there is harmony, there is no scarcity. Where there is contentment, there is no revolt. If we have done these and people from afar are still not supporting, bring them round and cultivate literature and virtue. Having brought people around, make them content. Now in assisting your lord, you are unable to bring round the unsupporting people of afar, leaving the state divided, in discord and insecure, and you are planning to battle within the state. I fear the battle of Ji Sun lies not in Zhuan Yu but rather within his own walls."
Verse 2 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 16
Original: 孔子曰：“天下有道，则礼乐征伐自天子出；天下无道，则礼乐征伐自诸侯出。自诸侯出，盖十世希不失矣；自大夫出，五世希不失矣；陪臣执国命，三世希不失矣。天下有道，则政不在大夫；则天下有道，则庶人不议。”
Modern: 孔子说：“天下有道，则礼制、音乐和征伐都出自于天子；天下无道，则礼制、音乐和征伐都出自于诸侯。由诸侯发号施令，大约十世内，很少有不丧失政权的。如果由大夫发号施令，大约五世内，很少有不丧失政权的。由大夫的家臣发号施令，大约三世内，很少有不丧失政权的。天下有道，政权便不会落在官员手中；天下有道，百姓便不会非议。”
English: Confucius said:"When the kingdom is in order, rites, music and military conquests are initiated by the ruler. When the kingdom is in chaos, rites, music and military conquests are initiated by the lords. When initiated by the lord, a dynasty rarely last beyond ten generations. When initiated by major officials of lords, a dynasty rarely last beyond five generations. When initiated by officials to major officials, a dynasty rarely last beyond three generations. Thus when the kingdom is in order, rulership is not with the officials. When the kingdom is in order, the people will not congregate and talk bad about the government."
Verse 3 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 16
Original: 孔子曰：“禄之去公室五世矣，政逮于大夫四世矣，故夫三桓之子孙微矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“公室失掉管理俸禄权利，已经有五世了。政权落在官员手中，已经四世了。桓公的子孙也要衰微了。”
English: Confucius said:"It has been five generations since responsibility for the renumeration of officials was taken away from lord. It has been four generations since rulership has been seized by the officials. The descendants of Duke Huan of Lu are deteriorating."
Verse 4 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 16
Original: 孔子曰：“益者三友，损者三友。友直，友谅，友多闻，益矣。友便辟，友善柔，有便佞，损矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“有三种朋友使人受益，有三种朋友使人受损。正直的朋友，诚实的朋友，见闻广博的朋友，这些都使人受益。奸诈的朋友，奉承的朋友，花言巧语的朋友,这些都使人受损。”
English: Confucius said:"There are three type of friends that you can benefit from, and there are three types of friend that can harm you. Befriend the righteous, honest and knowledgeable and there would be benefits. Befriend the unscrupulous, good at pleasing, and those that sweet talk people and there would be harm."
Verse 5 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 16
Original: 孔子曰：“益者三乐，损者三乐。乐节礼乐，乐道人之善，乐多贤友，益矣。乐骄乐，乐佚游，乐宴乐，损矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“有三种喜好使人受益，有三种喜好使人受损。喜好用礼仪音乐节制自己，喜好成述别人的好处，喜好结交贤良，这些喜好都使人受益。喜好以骄傲为乐，喜好淫逸放荡，喜好饮宴为乐，这些喜好都使人受损。”
English: Confucius said:"There are three types of indulgence that are good and there are three types of indulgence that are bad. Indulge in music and rites, indulge in talking the greatness of others, indulge in knowing befriending virtuous friends, these are good indulgences.Indulge in arrogance, indulge in idleness, indulge in feasting, these are bad indulgences."
Verse 6 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 16
Original: 孔子曰：“侍于君子有三愆：言未及之而言谓之躁，言及之而不言谓之隐，未见颜色而言谓之瞽(gǔ)。”
Modern: 孔子说：“侍奉君子，常犯的三种错误；说了话却没付诸实行，叫做急躁。付诸实行了，却没说出来，叫做隐瞒。还没看清楚别人的脸色而说出来，叫瞎眼。”
English: Confucius said:"There are three common mistakes when in attendance to the gentleman. What is spoken and it is not realized is called rashness. What is realised but not spoken about is called concealment. If what is spoken without observing the countenance, that can is called blindness."
Verse 7 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 16
Original: 孔子曰：“君子有三戒：少之时，血气未定，戒之在色；及其壮也，血气方刚，戒之在斗；及其老也，血气既衰，戒之在得。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子有三件事要警戒自己：年轻时，血气未定，便要警戒，不可接近美色；壮年时，血气旺盛，便要警戒，不可好斗。年老时血气衰弱，便要警戒，不可贪得无厌。”
English: Confucius said:"For the gentleman, there are three abstentions. In his youth, he should abstain from feminine beauty. In his prime,he should abstain from being belligerent. In old age, he should abstain from acquisitiveness."
Verse 8 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 16
Original: 孔子曰：“君子有三畏：畏天命，畏大人，畏圣人之言。小人不知天命而不畏也，狎大人，侮圣人之言。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子敬畏三件事。畏惧上天的宿命，畏惧王公大人，畏惧自己的行为违反了圣人的警语。小人不了解天命，所以不畏惧。小人轻视王公大人，侮慢圣人言语。”
English: Confucius said:"The gentleman stands in awe of three things. He is in awe of the Decree of Heaven. He is in awe of great men. He is in awe of the words of the sages. The non-gentleman, does not understand the Decree of Heaven, thus does not stand in awe of it. He treats great man with insolence and makes a mockery of the words of sages."
Verse 9 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 16
Original: 孔子曰：“生而知之者，上也，学而知之者，次也；困而学之，又其次也；困而不学，民斯为下矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“生来便知道，属最上等；学习后而知道，属次一等；遇到困惑才去学习，属再次一等；遇到困惑还不去学习，这种属最下等。”
English: Confucius said:"Those born with knowledge rank the highest. Those that seek knowledge through learning ranks second. Those that seek knowledge only when in difficulty, ranks next. Those that do not seek knowledge even when in difficulty, ranks the lowest."
Verse 10 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 16
Original: 孔子曰：“君子有九思：视思明，听思聪，色思温，貌思恭，言思忠，事思敬，疑思问，忿思难，见得思义。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子在九个方面要经常注意：看的时候要看明白，听的时候要听清楚，举止要温和，面貌要显得恭敬，说话要忠厚，做事要认真，有疑问要发问，忿怒时思考会难，见到好处要想到义理。”
English: Confucius said:"For the gentleman, there are nine things he need to take notice of: In seeing, he must seek understanding. In hearing, he must listen with clarity. His demeanour must be of cordial. His countenance must be of respectfulness. Be conscientious when he speaks. be serious in his tasks. Seek advice when in doubt. Anger causes difficulty in thinking. Think of what is right at the sight of gain."
Verse 11 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 16
Original: 孔子曰：“见善如不及，见不善如探汤。吾见其人矣。吾闻其语矣。隐居以求其志，行义以达其道。吾闻其语矣，未见其人也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“‘见善良的人，就觉得有点不及此人，见到不善的人，就像触摸到沸水一样’。我见过这样的人，听过这样的话。‘为求完成志向去隐居，为求达到大道，而行义理’。我听过这样的话，但未见这样的人。”
English: Confucius said:"'To feel not his equal when meeting a great man, to feel as though the hand is scalded when meeting a bad man.' I have heard such saying and seen such a person. 'To live in seclusion to keep with aspirations. To act with righteousness in keeping to the Way.' I have heard such a saying but have yet to see such a person."
Verse 12 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 16
Original: 齐景公有马千驷，死之日，民无德而称焉。伯夷、叔齐饿于首阳之下，民到于今称之。其斯之谓与。
Modern: 齐景公有马千匹，死去时，人民没有称颂他。伯夷(一)、叔齐(一)饿死于首阳山下，人民到现在仍然称颂他们...就是这个意思吧。
English: Duke Jing of State of Qi has a thousand horses, but when he died, he did not do anything that people found to be worthy of praise. When Bo Yi(1) and Shu Qi(1) starved at Mount Shou Yang, the people still praise them till today. Is this what it means?
Verse 13 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 16
Original: 陈亢问于伯鱼曰：“子亦有异闻乎？” 对曰：“未也。尝独立，鲤趋而过庭，曰：‘学诗乎？’对曰：‘未也。’‘不学诗，无以言。’鲤退而学诗。他日又独立，鲤趋而过庭，曰：‘学礼乎？’对曰：‘不学礼，无以立。’鲤退而学礼。闻斯二者。” 陈亢退而喜曰：“问一得三，闻诗、闻礼，又闻君子之远其子也。”
Modern: 陈亢(kàng)(一)问伯鱼(二)说：“你在老师那里得到不同的教诲吗？” 伯鱼回答道：“没有。他曾经一个人站在庭院中，我恭敬地从他面前走过。他问：‘学《诗》了没有？’ 我回答：‘没有。’ 他说：‘不学《诗》，就不会说话。’我于是便开始钻研学习《诗》。过了一段日子，他一个人站在院子中，我又恭敬地从他面前走过。他问：‘学《礼》了没有？’ 我答道：‘没有。’ ‘不懂得礼仪法度，则无从立足于社会。’ 我于是就认真学习《礼》，只听到过这两次啊。” 陈亢回去后，欢喜的说：“问一个问题却得到三样知识。闻《诗》的好处，闻《礼》的好处，又知道君子对待儿子与学生的态度是一样远近的。”
English: Chen Kang(1) asked Bo Yu(2):"Did you receive any special teaching from the Teacher?" Bo Yu said:"No. Once he was standing alone as I hurried through the courtyard and he said,'Have you studied The Odes?' I replied,'No'. 'Without studying The Odes, you cannot converse well.' So I studied The Odes." "Another day, he was standing alone as I hurried through the courtyard and he said,'Have you studied the rites?' I replied,'Not yet' 'Without having studied the rites, you cannot establish yourself in society.' So I studied the rites. These are the two things I have heard." Chen Kang retired and said in delight:"Asking only one question, I receive three information. The benefits of studying The Odes, the benefits of studying the rites and the gentleman treats his disciples like his sons."
Verse 14 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 16
Original: 邦君之妻，君称之曰夫人，夫人自称曰小童；邦人称之曰君夫人，称诸异邦曰寡小君；异邦人称之亦曰君夫人。
Modern: 国君的妻子，国君称为夫人，夫人自称为小童。国内人民称之为君夫人；别国诸侯称之为小君，别国人民称之为君夫人。
English: The lord of a state call his wife 'my lady'. The lady calls herself 'your humble servant'. People within the state call her 'the lord's lady'. Lords from other states called her 'lord's modest lady'. People from foreign states call her 'the lord's lady'.

Chapter 17, 阳货
Verse 1 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 阳货欲见孔子，孔子不见，归孔子豚。孔子时其亡也，而往拜之。遇诸涂。谓孔子曰：“来！予与尔言。”曰：“怀其宝而迷其邦，可谓仁乎？”曰：“不可！”好从事而亟失时，可谓知乎？”曰：“不可！”“日月逝矣，岁不我与。” 孔子曰：“诺，吾将仕矣。”
Modern: 阳货(一)想见孔子，孔子不肯见。于是阳货送一只小猪给孔子。孔子乘阳货不在家时，去他家拜谢，却在途中向遇见。阳货对孔子说：“来，我有话对你说” 又说：“怀藏着才能，却让国家迷途，算是仁德吗？不算吧。喜欢从政却屡失机会，可以称得上有智慧吗？不算吧。日月流逝，岁月不会等待我们。” 孔子说：“好吧。我打算做官。”
English: Yang Huo(1) wanted to visit Confucius, but Confucius decline. Yang Huo sent him a piglet as a gift. Confucius picked a time when Yang Huo is not in to pay a visit, in the name of thanking Yang Huo for the gift. En-route, he chanced upon Yang Huo. Yang Huo said:"Please, I would like to speak to you." He continued:"Can a man be called benevolent when he possess talents but allow the nation to be in confusion? I do not think so. Can a man be called wise when he wish to be in public office but misses many chances to do it? I do not think so as well. Time and tide wait for no man. Time is not on our side." Confucius said:"Yes, I shall assume public office."
Verse 2 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“性相近也，习相远也。”
Modern: 孔子说:“本姓相近，但因为习惯不同，而才有差别。”
English: Confucius said:"Man are close to one another by nature, but they diverge because of repeated practice."
Verse 3 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“唯上知与下愚不移。”
Modern: 孔子：“只有最聪明和最愚拙的人改变不了。”
English: Confucius said:"Only the wisest and the most dull-witted are the most difficult to change."
Verse 4 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子之武城，闻弦歌之声。夫子莞尔而笑，曰：“割鸡焉用牛刀？” 子游对曰：“昔者偃也闻诸夫子曰：‘君子学道则爱人，小人学道则易使也。’” 子曰：“二三子！偃之言是也。前言戏之耳。”
Modern: 孔子到了武城(一)，听到弹琴唱歌的声音。孔子微笑地说：“杀鸡哪里需要用宰牛刀。” 子游说：“以前我曾听老师说过：‘君子学习礼乐就会爱护人；老百姓受过礼乐教化就容易治理。’” 孔子说：“各位同学，言偃(二)说的对。刚才的话只不过是戏言。”
English: Confucius and his disciples went to Wu Cheng(1). Over there he heard sounds of stringed instruments and singing. Confucius smiled and said,"Is there a need to use a big knife to kill a chicken." Zi You said:"But Teacher, I have previously heard you saying 'The gentleman who learns music and rites will be able to take care of people. The common people who learn music and rites can be managed easily '" Confucius said:"My pupils, what Yan Yan(2) said is correct. I spoke the words before in jest."
Verse 5 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 公山弗扰以费畔，召，子欲往。子路不说，曰：“末之也，已，何必公山氏之之也？” 子曰：“夫召我者，而岂徒哉？如有用我者，吾其为东周乎！”
Modern: 公山弗扰(一)据守在费邑发动叛乱；召唤孔子，孔子像前去。子路不高兴，说：“没有地方实现自己的抱负了，何必还去公山氏？” 孔子说：“召用我的人，他岂能平白无故的召唤我？如果真能任用我，我将会有机会复兴周代文化。”
English: Gong Shan Fu Rao (1),using Fei City as his base, revolted. He summoned Confucius. Confucius wished to make a trip to see Gong Shan Ru Rao. Displeased, Zi Lu said:"Do not go. Why is there a need to go?" Confucius said:"Would I be summmoned without reason? If I am offered office, I can use this chance to revive the past glory ofZhou Dynasty."
Verse 6 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子张问仁于孔子。孔子曰：“能行五者于天下为仁矣。” 请问之。曰：“恭、宽、信、敏、惠。恭则不侮，宽则得众，信则人任焉，敏则有功，惠则足以使人。”
Modern: 子张问孔子有关仁德。孔子说：“能够实行物种品行，就算是仁德” 子张请孔子继续说明。孔子说：“恭敬、宽容、守信、勤奋、慈惠。恭敬就不会侮慢，宽容就会得到众人支持，守信就会得到别人信任，勤奋就会有功绩，慈惠就能够令人服从。”
English: Zi Zhang asked about benevolence. Confucius said:"The ability to practice the five character everywhere, at all times, is considered benevolent." Asked to elaborate, Confucius continued:"They are courtesy, magnanimous, trustworthiness, smart and hardworking, generous. With courtesy, there is no arrogance, with magnanimousness there support from the people, with trustworthiness, there are entrusted responsibilities. With smartness and hardwork, there is merit. With generosity, people can be employed on their free will."
Verse 7 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 佛肸(xī)召，子欲往。子路曰：“昔者由也闻诸夫子曰：‘亲于其身为不善者，君子不入也。’佛肸以中牟(móu)畔，子之往也，如之何？” 子曰：“然，有是言也。不曰坚乎，磨而不磷；不曰白乎，涅而不缁。吾岂匏(páo)瓜也哉？焉能系而不食？”
Modern: 佛肸(一)召唤孔子，而孔子想前去。子路说：“从前仲由{{fn(二)}听过老师说：‘亲身做坏事的人，君子不会到他那里。’现在佛肸据守在中牟叛乱，您却往那里去，为什么？” 孔子说：“对，我曾经说过。可是不也有这么一句话‘坚硬之身磨不薄’或这么一句话‘洁白之身染不黑’。我又怎么能像个匏瓜一样，总是挂着，不被人采食。”
English: Fo Xi(1) summoned Confucius and Confucius wishes to go. Zi Lu said:"I have previous heard Teacher mentioned 'The gentleman will not join those who does not do good.' Why are you now going to Fo Xi when he at Zhong Mou starting a revolt." Confucius replied:"Yes, it is true that I have said that.But have you not heard, 'Those that are truly hard can never be ground thin' or 'Those that are truly white can never be stained black'. Would I want to be like a gourd, only hung but never eaten."
Verse 8 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“由也，女闻六言六蔽矣乎？”对曰：“未也。” “居！吾语女。好仁不好学，其蔽也愚；好知不好学，其蔽也荡；好信不好学，其蔽也贼；好直不好学，其蔽也绞；好勇不好学，其蔽也乱；好刚不好学，其蔽也狂。”
Modern: 孔子说：“仲由，你听说过六品六弊吗？” 仲由说：“没有。” “坐下吧，我告诉你。喜欢仁德，却不喜欢学习，其弊乃愚拙；喜欢知识，却不喜欢学习，其弊乃放荡不羁；喜欢守信，却不喜欢学习，其弊乃有害无益；喜欢正直，却不喜欢学习，其弊乃刻薄无礼；勇敢，却不喜欢学习，其弊乃容易出乱子；刚强，却不喜欢学习，其弊乃狂妄。”
English: Confucius said:"Zhong You, have you heard of the six qualities accompanied by six failures?" Zhong You said:"No." "Come, take a seat and listen. Inclined to benevolence but not to learning, clumsiness would be the failure. Inclined to wisdom but not to learning, frivolousness would be the failure. Inclined to integrity but not to learning, unintentional harm maybe the failure. Inclined to honesty but not to learning, too straightforward would be the failure. Inclined to courage but not to learning, disorderliness would be the failure. Inclined to resoluteness but not to learning, boastfulness would be the failure."
Verse 9 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“小子何莫学夫诗？诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君。多识于鸟兽草木之名。”
Modern: 孔子说：“年轻人为甚么不学《诗经》？《诗经》可以使人振奋，可以使人相处得宜，使人埋怨得法。近者可以懂得侍奉父母，远者可以懂得侍奉君主；而且可以多认识飞鸟走兽、花草树木的名称。”
English: Confucius said:"Why is it that the young ones do not study The Odes? The Odes can enhance inspiration, socializing skills, complain appropriately. One can use it to immediately serve our parents well or serve the lords later. And one can also gain the knowledge of birds and animals, trees and plants."
Verse 10 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子谓伯鱼曰：“女为《周南》、《召南》矣乎？人而不为《周南》、《召南》，其犹正墙面而立也与！”
Modern: 孔子对伯鱼说：“你可有读过《周南》、《召南》(一)？人如果不读《周南》、《召南》，就像面对着墙，目光短浅，无路可前进。”
English: Confucius said to Bo Yu,"Have you studied 'Zhou Nan' and 'Zhao Nan'(1)? A man who has not studied them is like a man who stands near the wall and facing it, short-sighted and unable to move forward."
Verse 11 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“礼云礼云，玉帛云乎哉？乐云乐云，钟鼓云乎哉？”
Modern: 孔子说：“礼就是礼，难道只是指玉帛等贵重礼物？音乐就是音乐，难道只是指随便敲打钟鼓？”
English: Confucius said:"Does courtesy means expensive gifts like jades and silk? Does music means just the hitting of bells and drums? "
Verse 12 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“色厉而内荏，譬诸小人，其犹穿窬之盗也与！”
Modern: 孔子说：“外表严厉，内心怯弱的人，不就像那挖洞跳墙的小偷吗？”
English: Confucius said:"Someone with a stern countenance but quivers within, isn't he similar to a thief that steals through the hole he bores or jump over the wall."
Verse 13 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“乡原，德之贼也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“一乡中全不得罪的好人，是有损道德的人。”
English: Confucius said:"A person who is able to please the whole village, is a person lack of virtue."
Verse 14 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“道听而涂说，德之弃也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“散播在路上说听来的传言，这是有德行的人所唾弃。”
English: Confucius said:"To spread hearsay without verification is an act that a virtuous man would not do."
Verse 15 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“鄙夫可与事君也与哉？其未得之也，患得之；既得之，患失之；苟患失之，无所不至矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“卑鄙陋劣的人可以让他侍奉国君吗？当他没有的得到他想要的职位时，他总担心不能得到；已经得到，就害怕失去。这种患得患失的心态令他丧失理智，为了不丧失既得利益，那么他就没有什么事不敢做的。”
English: Confucius said:"Can we allow a treacherous man to serve the lord? Before he acquire what he want, he is concerned that he cannot acquire it. After he acquire it, he is concerned that he would lose it. These feelings would make him resort anything."
Verse 16 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“古者民有三疾，今也或是之亡也。古之狂也肆，今之狂也荡；古之矜也廉，今之矜也忿戾；古之愚也直，今之愚也诈而已矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“古代的人有三种毛病，不过现在的人可能没有了。古代狂妄的人放肆，而现代的狂妄的人放荡不羁；古代矜持的人廉洁，现代矜持的人忿怒暴戾；古代愚钝的人也正直，现在愚钝的人有可能是诡诈的。”
English: Confucius said:"In ancient times, the people have three weaknesses that cannot be counted as now. In olden times, the unrestrained were unruly but today, they are frivolous as well. In olden times, the conceited still have integrity but today, the conceited are quick to anger and aggressive. In olden times, the dull-witted were honest, but today the dull-witted maybe deceitful."
Verse 17 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁！”
Modern: 孔子曰：“满口说着讨人喜欢的话，满脸装着讨人喜欢得面色，这样的人仁心就很少。”
English: Confucius said "A person who sweet-talk and pretentious does not have much benevolence."
Verse 18 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“恶紫之夺硃也，恶郑声之乱雅乐也，恶利口之覆邦家者。”
Modern: 孔子说：“憎恶紫色夺取红色的光彩，憎恶郑国歌曲扰乱典雅的歌曲(一)，憎恶花言巧语而倾覆国家的人。”
English: Confucius said:"I detest purple for displacing red. I detest the tunes of Zheng for corrupting classical music(1). I detest clever who overturn states."
Verse 19 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“予欲无言。” 子贡曰：“子如不言，则小子何述焉？” 子曰：“天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？”
Modern: 孔子说：“我觉得没有什么可以说了。” 子贡说：“您如果不做论述，则学生们如何做记术呢？” 孔子说：“天说了什么？四季运行，百物成长，天说了什么？”
English: Confucius said:"I wish not to speak." Zi Gong said:"If Teacher chooses not to speak, then how could we, the students, learn and relate?" Confucius said:"Does heaven speak? The four seasons still rotate itself, things still grow, but did heaven speak?"
Verse 20 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 孺悲欲见孔子，孔子辞以疾。将命者出户，取瑟而歌，使之闻之。
Modern: 孺悲想见孔子，孔子以患病为借口推辞。传话的人一踏出门口，孔子便拿起瑟来唱歌，故意让他听到。
English: Ru Bei wants to see Confucius, but pretending to be sick, Confucius declined him. When the messenger just step out, Confucius fetched his 'Se'(1) and sang, so that the messenger can hear him.
Verse 21 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 宰我问：“三年之丧，期已久矣。君子三年不为礼，礼必坏；三年不为乐，乐必崩。旧谷既没，新谷既升，钻燧改火，期可已矣。” 子曰：“食夫稻，衣夫锦，于女安乎？”曰：“安！”“女安则为之。夫君子之居丧，食旨不甘，闻乐不乐，居处不安， 故不为也。今女安，则为之。” 宰我出。子曰：“予之不仁也！子生三年，然后免于父母之怀。夫三年之丧，天下之通丧也。予也有三年之爱于其父母乎？”
Modern: 宰我问：“所谓三年居丧之期，其实一年已经足够。君子三年不习礼仪，礼仪会败坏；三年不奏音乐，音乐会崩溃。新谷登场，燧木从新点燃，一年已经可以。”
孔子说：“吃白米、穿锦缎，你安心吗？”
“安心。”
“你安心便去做，君子居丧的时候，吃着美味，也不觉得可口；听到音乐也不会快乐；住在家中，也不觉得安逸。现在你安心就去做吧。”
宰我出去后，孔子说：“宰予(一)真是没仁德。孩子生下来三年后，才可以离开父母。三年居丧之期，是天下通行的丧期。宰予不也从父母那里得到三年爱护吗？”
English: Zai Wo asked:"About the three-year mourning period, I think one year is long enough. A gentleman who does not practice the rites for three years, his practice will deteriorate. If he does not practice for three years, his skill will decline. The old grain exhausted, new grains ripened, the flame of the firewood rekindled... indeed one year is enough"
Confucius said:"Would you be at ease, eating plain rice and wearing the finest?"
"Yes."
"If you would be at ease then do so. A gentleman in mourning, delicious food he eats, to him it is not tasty; music he hears does not make him happy and he cannot live at ease. If you feel at ease then do so."
When Zai Wo left, Confucius said:"He is not benevolent. A child receive care and love from his parents for three years before he is able to leave. Moreover, three years is the usual practice. Didn't Zai Wo receive three years of care and concern from his parents?"
Verse 22 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“饱食终日，无所用心，难矣哉！不有博弈者乎？为之，犹贤乎已。”
Modern: 孔子说：“整天吃饱饭，不用心做事，很难有所作为。不也有掷骰下棋的人吗？他们还比较贤良。”
English: Confucius said:"People who satiate themselves and not doing things with full effort and whole-heartedness are not likely to accomplish anything. Are there not chess players? The are more virtuous."
Verse 23 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子路曰：“君子尚勇乎？”子曰：“君子义以为上。君子有勇而无义为乱；小人有勇而无义为盗。”
Modern: 子路问：“君子推崇勇敢吗？” 孔子说：“君子认为义理最崇高。君子有勇，没义理，便会出乱子。小人勇敢，没义理，便沦为盗贼。”
English: Zi Lu asked:"Does the gentleman has high regard for courage?" Confucius answered:"The gentleman has high regards for righteousness. A gentleman who has courage but not righteous, may create disorder. A non-gentleman who has courage but not righteous, may cause crime."
Verse 24 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子贡曰：“君子亦有恶乎？”子曰：“有恶：恶称人之恶者，恶居下流而讪上者，恶勇而无礼者，恶果敢而窒者。”曰：“赐也，亦有恶乎？”“恶徼以为知者，恶不孙以为勇者，恶讦以为直者。”
Modern: 子贡问：“君子有憎恶的东西吗？” 孔子说：“有。；憎恶宣扬别人短处的人；憎恶身处下位，却讪笑上级的人；憎恶有勇却无礼的人；憎恶果断，却不通情达理的人。”又说：“端木赐(一)，也有憎恶的事情吗？” “憎恶抄袭别人，却自以为聪明的人；憎恶不谦逊，却以为勇敢的人；憎恶揭发别人隐私，却自以为正直的人。”
English: Zi Gong said:"Does the gentleman has dislikes？" Confucius said:"Yes, he does. He dislike people who talk about others' weaknesses. He hates people who malign those of a higher position. He dislike people who are courage but discourteous. He hates people who are decisive but not understanding." Confucius added:"So Duan Mu Chi, do you have dislikes?" Zi Gong answered:"I dislike people who plagiarise and treat it as their own wisdom. I hate people who abandoned humility in the name of courage. I hate people who slander in the name of honesty."
Verse 25 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“唯女子与小人为难养也，近之则不孙，远之则怨 。”
Modern: 孔子说：“只有女人和小人难以应付。亲近的话，他们便不谦逊；疏远的话，他们便会埋怨。”
English: Confucius said:"Only women and non-gentleman are difficult to handle. Be close to them and they lack humility, stay away from them and they complain."
Verse 26 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 17
Original: 子曰：“年四十而见恶焉，其终也已。”
Modern: 孔子说：“人到四十岁还遭人厌恶，这个人也就完了。”
English: Confucius said:"If by the age of forty a man is still disliked by many, there is no hope for him."

Chapter 18, 微子
Verse 1 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 18
Original: 微子去之，箕子为之奴，比干谏而死。孔子曰：“殷有三仁焉。”
Modern: 微子离去，箕子沦为奴隶，比干强谏而死。孔子说：“殷代有三位有仁德的人。”
English: Wei Zi left, Ji Zi was enslaved and Bi Gan died for pointing out the mistakes of King Zhou of Yin Shang Dynasty. Confucius said:"The Yin dynasty had three benevolent men."
Verse 2 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 18
Original: 柳下惠为士师，三黜。人曰：“子未可以去乎？”曰：“直道而事人，焉往而不三黜？枉道而事人，何必去父母之邦？”
Modern: 柳下惠(一)想当鲁国法官，三次遭撤职。有人说：“你还不离去？” 柳下惠说：“自己以正直的原则处事，到哪里都会遭罢免。不以正直的原则处事，能保住官位，那又何必离开自己的国家呢？”
English: Liu Xia Hui(1) wanted to become the magistrate but was dismissed three times from office. Someone said:"Should you not leave?" Liu Xia Hui said:"Serving people with honesty, where could I go without being dismissed three times from public office? If I want to serve people wrongly but able to keep my appointment, is there a need for me to leave?"
Verse 3 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 18
Original: 齐景公待孔子曰：“若季氏，则吾不能；以季、孟之间待之。”曰：“吾老矣，不能用也。”孔子行。
Modern: 齐景公正考虑如何待孔子，说：“像季氏一样，实在不可以；只可以待他在季、孟之间。” 又说：“我老了，不能用他。” 孔子便离开。
English: Duke Jing of State of Qi was considering how he should treat Confucius. He thought:"I shall not treat him in the same way I treat Ji. I shall treat him at a level that is between Ji and Meng." Duke Jing said:"I am old and not able to use him." Confucius left.
Verse 4 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 18
Original: 齐人归女乐，季桓子受之，三日不朝，孔子行。
Modern: 齐国送来歌姬，季桓子收下后，三天休朝。孔子便离去。
English: Someone from the State of Qi sent a group of female musicians as a gift to Ji Huan Zi. Ji Huan Zi accepted it and from then on the court did not convened for three days. Confucius departed.
Verse 5 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 18
Original: 楚狂接舆歌而过孔子曰：“凤兮凤兮，何德之衰？往者不可谏，来者犹可追。已而，已而！今之从政者殆而！” 孔子下，欲与之言，趋而辟之，不得与之言。
Modern: 楚国一个狂人叫接舆，经过孔子的车前，唱道：“凤凰呀！凤凰呀！德行真的这么衰败？过去已不可谏阻，将来还可以追寻。算了吧！算了吧！现在从政的人真危殆！” 孔子下车，想跟他说话，可是他却匆忙避开，让孔子没办法和他说话。
English: In the State of Chu, there is a wild man by the name of Jie Yu. As Confucius was passing by, Jie Yu met up with Confucius's carriage and sang:"Phoneix, oh Phoneix, thy virtue declined,what is past cannt be altered, what will come we can still can define. Refrain, refrain. Perilous are those people who are in public office." Confucius got down from his carriage with the intention of speaking with him but Jie Yu avoided him by hurrying off, and in the end Confucius was unable to speak with him.
Verse 6 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 18
Original: 长沮、桀溺耦而耕，孔子过之，使子路问津焉。长沮曰：“夫执舆者为谁？”
子路曰：“为孔丘。”曰：“是鲁孔丘与？”曰：“是也。”曰：“是知津矣。”
问于桀溺。桀溺曰：“子为谁？”曰：“为仲由。”曰：“是鲁孔丘之徒与？” 对曰：“然。”
曰：“滔滔者天下皆是也，而谁以易之？且而与其从辟人之士也，岂若从辟世之士哉！”櫌而不辍。
子路行以告。夫子怃然曰：“鸟兽不可与同群，吾非斯人之徒与而谁与？天下有道，丘不与易也。”
Modern: 长沮、桀溺在水边并肩耕作。孔子路过，派子路前去问渡河要津。长沮问：“握着缰绳的人是谁？”
子路答道：“是孔丘。” “是鲁国的孔丘吗？” “真是。” “他当然知道要津所在。”
子路转身问桀溺。桀溺说：“你是谁？” “是仲由。” “是鲁国孔丘的门徒吗？” “是的。”
桀溺说：“滔滔流水，天下到处都是，由谁可以改变它？与其跟随避开众人的人，倒不如跟随避开社会的人。” 说完便继续播种。
子路前去转告孔子。 孔子说：“飞鸟走兽不可以为伴。我不跟这些人在一起，又跟谁在一起？如果天下有道，我便不必试着改变。”
English: Chang Ju and Jie Ni were ploughing together. Confucius passed by and sent Zi Lu to ask for direction to cross the river. Chang Ju asked:"Who is the one holding the reins?"
Zi Lu answered:"It is Kong Qiu." "Is he the Kong Qiu from the State of Lu?" "Yes, he is." "Then he should know the directions."
Zi Lu went to ask Jie Ni instead. Jie Ni asked:"Who are you?" "I am Zhong You" "The pupil of Kong Qiu?" "Yes, I am."
"Water will continuously flow in the same manner no matter where and who can change that? For you would it not be better to follow the one who shuns the world, instead of the one who shuns the people." And Jie Ni continued to work.
Zi Lu left and reported to Confucius. Confucius sighed and said:"One cannot associate with birds and beasts. Am I not a member of this human race? Who, then, is there for me to associate with? If the Way is to prevalent in the Empire, then there is no need for me to initiate change."
Verse 7 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 18
Original: 子路从而后，遇丈人，以杖荷蓧(diào)。子路问曰：“子见夫子乎？”
丈人曰：“四体不勤，五谷不分，孰为夫子？”植其杖而芸。子路拱而立。
止子路宿，杀鸡为黍(shǔ)而食之，见其二子焉。明日，子路行，以告。
子曰：“隐者也。”使子路反见之。至，则行矣。子路曰：“不仕无义。长幼之节，不可废也；君臣之义，如之何其废之？欲洁其身，而乱大伦。君子之仕也，行其义也。道之不行，已知之矣。”
Modern: 子路跟随孔子，却落在后面；他遇到一个老人，老人用手杖挑着篮子。子路问：“您可有见过我的老师？”
老人说：“你这个四肢不劳动，五谷不会分，谁是您的老师？” 说完把手杖插在地上，开始除草。子路拱手站在一旁。
老人请子路留宿，杀鸡煮黍来款待子路，又引见两个儿子。第二天，子路离去，将事情告诉孔子。
孔子说：“他是个隐士。”于是派子路回去见老人，可子路到达时，老人已离去。 子路说：“不做官不合乎义理。既然长幼次序不可以废除，又怎么能废除君臣之间的义理？只想洁身自好，却扰乱伦常纲纪。君子为国家做事，是为了实行义理。道之所以不能盛行，于此可知啊。”
English: Zi Lu fell behind while on a journey with Confucius. He chanced upon an old man carrying a basket with his staff. Zi Lu asked:"Have you seen my Teacher?"
The old man said:"You do not use your limb, cannot differentiate the different grains, who is your teacher?" After he said finish, he drove his staff into the ground and continue with his gardening. Zi Lu stood at one side with his hands clasped together.
Zi Lu was asked by the old man to spend a night at his home. Chicken was killed and millet was cooked for dinner. The old man also introduced his two sons to Zi Lu. The next day, Zi Lu left and reported the whole incident to Confucius.
Confucius said:"He is a recluse." And sent Zi Lu to look for the old man again. But the old man was not in when Zi Lu came. Zi Lu said:"It is not righteous for him not to take up public office. If the duties of the young and the old cannot be abolished, how is it that the duties of the lords and subjects be abandoned? Causing disorder to the social system for the sake remaining untainted. The gentleman wants to assume public office so as to push for moral and ethnics. It is little wonder why the Way cannot prevail."
Verse 8 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 18
Original: 逸民：伯夷、叔齐、虞仲、夷逸、硃张、柳下惠、少连。子曰：“不降其志，不辱其身，伯夷、叔齐与！” 谓柳下惠、少连“降志辱身矣。言中伦，行中虑，其斯而已矣。” 谓虞仲、夷逸“隐居放言，身中清，废中权。我则异于是，无可无不可。”
Modern: 隐逸的人有：伯夷、叔齐、虞仲、夷逸、硃张、柳下惠、少连。孔子说：“没有放弃自己的志向，没有沾污自己的人格，是伯夷、叔齐。” 谈到柳下惠、少连：“放弃自己的志向，沾污自己的人格。但是言论合乎伦常道理，行为都经过深思熟虑；只有这样罢了。” 谈到虞仲、夷逸：“避世隐居，放言高论；人格清高，辞官合乎权益。我跟他们不一样，在我看来，没有绝对的标准。”
English: Of those that choose to keep away from public office are: Bo Yi, Shu Qi, Yu Zhong, Yi Yi, Zhu Zhang, Liu Xia Hui and Shao Lian. Confucius said:"Bo Yi and Shu Qi never compromised on their aspirations and did not disgraced themselves." Talking about Liu Xia Hui and Shao Lian:"They compromised on their aspirations and disgraced themselves. But they spoke in accord to morals and ethics and their deeds in circumspection." Talking about Yu Zhong and Yi Yi:"They live as recluse and have free rein of their words, they kept their reputation untainted by giving up public office. For me it is different, to me nothing is absolute."
Verse 9 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 18
Original: 大师挚适齐，亚饭干适楚，三饭缭(liáo)适蔡，四饭缺适秦，鼓方叔入于河，播鼗(táo)武入于汉，少师阳、击磬(qìng)襄入于海。
Modern: 太师挚(一)到齐国，亚饭(二)干到楚国，三饭(二)缭到蔡国，四饭(二)缺到秦国，鼓方叔住在河边，播鼗武(三)住在汉水边，少师(四)阳、击磬襄住在海边。
English: The grand music master, Zhi, has left for State of Qi. The second rank music official,Gan, has left for the state of Chu. The third rank music official, Liao, has left for the State of Cai. The fourth rank music official, Que, has left for the state of Qin. The drum player, Fang Shu, is living by the river now. The 'tao' player, Wu, is living by the River Han. An assistant to the music master, Yang, and the 'qing' player, Xiang, is living by the sea.
Verse 10 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 18
Original: 周公谓鲁公曰：“君子不施其亲，不使大臣怨乎不以。故旧无大过，则不弃也。无求备于一人。”
Modern: 周公(一)对鲁公说：“君子不怠慢亲人，不让大臣因为不受重用而埋怨；如果没有大的过错，就不遗弃；不对任何人求全责。”
English: Emperor Zhou(1) spoke to Duke of State of Lu:"The gentleman neither neglect his relatives, nor have his officials complained of not be utilised. He does not abandon official of long standing because of minor mistakes. He does not look for one man to bear the full blame. "
Verse 11 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 18
Original: 周有八士：伯达、伯适、仲突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧(guā)。
Modern: 周朝有八大名士：伯达、伯适、仲突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧。
English: The Zhou Dynasty has eight famous people. They are Bo Da, Bo Shi, Zhong Tu, Zhong Hu, Shu Ye, Shu Xia, Ji Shui, Ji Gua.

Chapter 19, 子张
Verse 1 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子张曰：“士见危致命，见得思义，祭思敬，丧思哀，其可已矣。”
Modern: 子张说：“读书人见到危险，能够舍命相救；见到利益能够想到义理；祭祀时能够想到尊敬；居丧时能够想到哀伤；这样就可以了。”
English: Zi Zhang said:"A scholar who is ready to lay down his life in the face of danger, does not forget his morals and values when he sees gains, during the rites, behave in a respectful manner and during funeral behave in a sorrowful manner. That is all that is required for a scholar."
Verse 2 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子张曰：“执德不弘，信道不笃，焉能为有？焉能为亡？”
Modern: 子张说：“知道德却不遵循着做，相信道却不力行，这样的人是有道德呢？还是没有道德呢？”
English: Zi Zhang said:"To know about morals but never practice it or practice accordingly. Does such a person has morals? Or such a person does not have morals?"
Verse 3 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 夏之门人问交于子张。子张曰：“子夏云何？” 对曰：“子夏曰：‘可者与之，其不可者拒之。’” 子张曰：“异乎吾所闻：君子尊贤而容众，嘉善而矜不能。我之大贤与，于人何所不容？我之不贤与，人将拒我，如之何其拒人也？”
Modern: 子夏的学生问子张怎样结交朋友。子张说：“子夏是怎么说的？” 学生答道：“子夏说：‘可以相交的就和他交朋友，不可以相交的就拒绝他。’”子张说：“我所 听到的和这些不一样：君子既尊重贤人，又能容纳众人；能够赞美善人，又能同情能力不够的人。如果我是十分贤良的人，那我对别人有什么不能容纳的呢？我如果不贤良，那人家就会拒绝我，又怎么谈能拒绝人家呢 ？”
English: Zi Xia's disciple asked Zi Zhang about friendship. Zi Zhang asked:"What does Zi Xia said?" Disciple replied,"Befriend those that you would like to, spurn those that you would not want to." Zi Zhang said:"What I have heard is different.'The gentleman' reveres the virtuous and is accomodating towards others, compliments the good and sympathise with the inept.' If I am virtuous, I would be very accomodating to others. If I am not virtuous, I would be spurned by others. Would I then be able to spurn others?"
Verse 4 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子夏曰：“虽小道，必有可观者焉，致远恐泥，是以君子不为也！”
Modern: 子夏说：“虽然都是些小的技艺，也一定有它可取的地方；不过要以它来达到远大目标，恐怕会有困难，所以君子不去学习。”
English: Zi Xia said:"Even minor arts are sure to have its uses. But the gentleman would not take it up as these minor arts are not able to have him achieve great accomplishment."
Verse 5 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子夏曰：“日知其所亡，月无忘其所能，可谓好学也已矣。”
Modern: 子夏说：“每日学到一些过去所不知道的东西，每月都不能忘记已经学会的东西，这就可以叫做好学了。”
English: Zi Xia said:"To learn something new everyday and not to forget what he learn in the course of a month. Such a person is deemed to be devoted to learning."
Verse 6 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子夏曰：“博学而笃志，切问而近思，仁在其中矣。”
Modern: 子夏说：“博览群书广泛学习而坚定自己的志向，与切身有关的问题提出疑问并且去思考，仁就在其中了。”
English: Zi Xia said: "Learn widely and be steadfast in your aspirations, inquire earnestly and reflect on what is at hand, and there is no need for you to look for benevolence elsewhere."
Verse 7 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子夏曰：“百工居肆以成其事，君子学以致其道。”
Modern: 子夏说：“各行各业的工匠住在工作坊里来完成自己的工作，君子通过学习来撑握道。”
English: Zi Xia said,"The artisan accomplishes his tasks by staying in his workshop; the gentleman perfects his way through learning."
Verse 8 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子夏曰：“小人之过也，必文。”
Modern: 子夏说：“小人犯了过错，必定会掩饰。”
English: Zi Xia said:"When the non-gentleman makes a mistakes, he is sure to gloss over it."
Verse 9 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子夏曰：“君子有三变：望之俨然，即之也温，听其言也厉。”
Modern: 子夏说：“君子给人三种观感：远看他的样子庄严可怕，接近他又温和可亲，听他说话语言严厉不苟。”
English: Zi Xia said:"The gentleman gives three impressions: Seen from afar, he is awe-inspiring. On approaching, he is amiable. On listening, his words are stern."
Verse 10 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子夏曰：“君子信而后劳其民；未信，则以为厉己也。信而后谏；未信，则以为谤己也。”
Modern: 子夏说：“君子必须取得信任之后才去役使百姓，否则百姓就会以为是在虐待他们。要先取得信任，然后才去规劝；否则，（君主）就会以为你在诽谤他。”
English: Zi Xia said,"Only after he has gained the trust of the common people does the gentleman work them hard, for otherwise they would feel themselves being exploited. Only after he has gained the trust of the lord does the gentleman advise him against unwise action, for otherwise the lord would feel himself slandered."
Verse 11 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子夏曰：“大德不逾闲，小德出入可也。”
Modern: 子夏说：“大节上不能超越界限，小节上有些出入是可以的。”
English: Zi Xia said:"If one does not overstep the bounds in major matters, it is of little consequences if one is not meticulous in minor matters."
Verse 12 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子游曰：“子夏之门人小子，当洒扫应对进退，则可矣，抑末也。本之则无，如之何？” 子夏闻之，曰：“噫！言游过矣！君子之道，孰先传焉？孰后倦焉？譬诸草木，区以别矣。君子之道，焉可诬也？有始有卒者，其惟圣人乎！”
Modern: 子游说：“子夏的学生，做些打扫和迎送客人的事情是可以的，但这些不过是末节小事，根本的东西却没有学到，这怎么行呢？”子夏听了，说：“唉，子游错了。 君子之道先传授哪一条，后传授哪一条，这就像草木一样，是有分类区别的。君子之道怎么可以随意歪曲，欺骗学生呢？能按次序，有始有终地教授学生们，恐怕只有圣人吧！”
English: Zi You said:"The disciples of Zi Xia can certainly cope with sweeping and cleaning, and entertaining guests, but these are not the mere branches of learning, not the roots. What is to be done?" Zi Xia upon hearing said:"Sigh, Zi You is wrong. Which part of the way of the gentleman is to be imparted first and which part to be imparted last is categorized, similar to the trees and grass.It is futile to try to give such a false picture of the way of the gentleman. It is, perhaps, the sage alone who, having started something, will always see it through to the end."
Verse 13 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子夏曰：“仕而优则学，学而优则仕。”
Modern: 子夏说：“做官还有余力的人，就可以去学习，学习有余力的人，就可以去做官。”
English: Zi Xia said:"If excel in public office then move to learning, Excel in learning then move to assume public office."
Verse 14 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子游曰：“丧致乎哀而止。”
Modern: 子游说：“丧事做到尽哀就可以了。”
English: Zi You said:"When mourning, gives full expression to grief and nothing more can be required."
Verse 15 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子游曰：“吾友张也，为难能也，然而未仁。”
Modern: 子游说：“我的朋友子张可以说是难得的了，然而还没有做到仁德。”
English: Zi You said:"It is very difficult to find another friend like Zi Zhang, but he has yet attained benevolence."
Verse 16 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 曾子曰：“堂堂乎张也，难与并为仁矣。”
Modern: 曾子说：“子张外表堂堂，但是难于和他一起做到仁的。”
English: Zeng Zi said, 'Grand, indeed, is Chang but it is difficult to work side by side with him on the cultivation of benevolence.'
Verse 17 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 曾子曰：“吾闻诸夫子：人未有自致者也，必也亲丧乎！”
Modern: 曾子说：“我听老师说过，人不可能自动地充分发挥感情，如果有的话，一定是在父母死亡的时候。”
English: Zeng Zi said:"I have heard Teacher said that man cannot express their emotions fully. If there ever is such an occasion, it must be during the funeral of his parents."
Verse 18 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 曾子曰：“吾闻诸夫子，孟庄子之孝也，其他可能也；其不改父之臣与父之政，是难能也。”
Modern: 曾子说：“我听老师说过，孟庄子(一)的孝，其他人也可以做到，但他不更换父亲的旧臣及其政治措施，这是别人难以做到的。”
English: Zeng Zi said:"I have heard Teacher say that other men could emulate everything Meng Zhuang Zi(1) did as a filial son with the exception of one thing: he left unchanged both in his father's officials and his father's policies, and this was what was difficult to emulate."
Verse 19 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 孟氏使阳肤为士师，问于曾子。曾子曰：“上失其道，民散久矣。如得其情，则哀矜而勿喜。”
Modern: 孟氏任命阳肤做典狱官，阳肤(一)向曾子请教。曾子说：“在上位的人离开了正道，百姓早就离心离德了。你如果能弄清他们的情况，就应当怜悯他们，切勿因此高兴。”
English: When Yang Fu(1) was appointed as a official by Meng(2), he consulted Zeng Zi. Zeng Zi said:"Those that are above are wayward, people below would be disoriented. When you find out the situation, be sympathetic and understanding and not rejoice over the discovery."
Verse 20 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子贡曰：“纣之不善，不如是之甚也。是以君子恶居下流，天下之恶皆归焉。”
Modern: 子贡说：“纣王的不善，不像传说中的那样厉害。所以君子憎恨处在下流的地方，使天下一切坏名声都归到他的身上。”
English: Zi Gong said:"Zhou Emperor of the Shang Dynasty may not be as wicked. This explains why gentlemen hates to be with the notorious, because that is where all the badness would be attributed to him."
Verse 21 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 子贡曰：“君子之过也，如日月之食焉：过也，人皆见之；更也，人皆仰之。”
Modern: 子贡说：“君子的过错如同日月蚀。他犯过错，人们都看得见；他改正过错，人们都仰望着他。”
English: Zi Gong said:"The gentleman's errors is similar to an eclipse of the sun and moon in that when he errs, the whole world sees it and when he reforms, the whole world looks up to him.'
Verse 22 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 卫公孙朝问于子贡曰：“仲尼焉学？”子贡曰：“文武之道，未坠于地，在人。贤者识其大者，不贤者识其小者，莫不有文武之道焉，夫子焉不学，而亦何常师之有？”
Modern: 卫国的公孙朝问子贡说：“仲尼的学问是从哪里学来的？” 子贡说：“周文王武王的道，并没有失传，还留在人们中间。贤能的人可以了解它的根本，不贤的人只了解它的末节，没有什么地方无文王武王之道。我们老师何处不学，又何必有固定的老师呢？”
English: Gongsun Chao of State of Wei asked Zi Gong:"From whom did Zhong Ni(1) learn?" Zi Gong said:"The way of King Wen and King Wu has not yet been lost but is still to be found in men. There is no man who does not have something of the way of King Wen and King Wu in him. Capable men have got hold of what is of major significance while incapable men have got hold of what is of minor significance. My teacher learns from everywhere, so would there be a need for a constant teacher?"
Verse 23 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 叔孙武叔语大夫于朝曰：“子贡贤于仲尼。” 子服景伯以告子贡。子贡曰：“譬之宫墙，赐之墙也及肩，窥见室家之好。夫子之墙数仞，不得其门而入，不见宗庙之美，百官之富。得其门者或寡矣。夫子之云，不亦宜乎！”
Modern: 叔孙武叔在朝廷上对大夫们说：“子贡比仲尼更贤。”子服景伯把这一番话告诉了子贡。子贡说：“拿围墙来作比喻，我家的围墙只有齐肩高，老师家的围墙却有几仞高，如果找不到门进去，你就看不见里面宗庙的富丽堂皇，和房屋的绚丽多彩。能够找到门进去的人并不多。叔孙武叔那么讲，不也是很自然吗？”
English: Shu Sun Wu Shu said at the court session:"Zi Gong is better than Confucius." This was reported to Zi Gong by Zi Fu Jing Bo. Zi Gong said:"Let us use the palace walls as an analogy. My walls are shoulder high so that it is possible to peer over them and see the beauty of the houses. But Teacher's walls are twenty or thirty feet high so that, unless one gains admittance through the gate, one will not see the magnificence of the ancestral temples or the sumptuousness of the official buildings inside. Since those who gain admittance through the gate are, shall we say, few, is it any wonder that the gentleman would have spoken as he did?"
Verse 24 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 叔孙武叔毁仲尼。子贡曰：“无以为也！仲尼不可毁也。他人之贤者，丘陵也，犹可逾也；仲尼，日月也，无得而逾焉。人虽欲自绝，其何伤于日月乎？多见其不知量也。”
Modern: 叔孙武叔诽谤仲尼。子贡说：“这样做是没有用的！仲尼是毁谤不了的。别人的贤德好比丘陵，还可超越过去，仲尼的贤德好比太阳和月亮，是无法超越的。虽然有人要自绝于日月，对日月又有什么损害呢？只是表明他不自量力而已。”
English: Shu Sun Wu Shu was slandering Confucius. Zi Gong said:"It is of no avail. Confucius can never be defamed. Man of excellence are like small hills, they can be climbed over. Confucius is like the sun and moon which has no way of overcoming. Even if one wanted to cut himself off the sun and the moon, but is it possible? It would merely serve to show more of their incompetence."
Verse 25 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 19
Original: 陈子禽谓子贡曰：“子为恭也，仲尼岂贤于子乎？”子贡曰：“君子一言以为知，一言以为不知，言不可不慎也！夫子之不可及也，犹天之不可阶而升也。夫子之得邦家者，所谓立之斯立，道之斯行，绥之斯来，动之斯和。其生也荣，其死也哀，如之何其可及也？”
Modern: 陈子禽对子贡说：“你是谦恭了，仲尼怎么能比你更贤良呢？” 子贡说：“君子的一句话就可以表现他的智识，一句话也可以表现他的不智，所以说话要慎重。夫子的高不可及，像天是不能够顺着梯子爬上去。夫子如果得国而为诸侯或得到采邑而为卿大夫，那就会像人们说的那样，教百姓立于礼，百姓就会立于礼，要引导百姓，百姓就会跟着走；安抚百姓，百姓就会归顺；动员百姓，百姓就会齐心协力。老师活着是十分荣耀的，死了是极其可惜的。我怎么能赶得上他呢？”
English: Chen Zi Qin said to Zi Gong: "You are just being respectful, aren't you? Surely Zhong Ni is not superior to you." Zi Gong said:"The gentleman is judged wise by the words he says; equally, he is judged foolish by the words he says. That is why one really must be careful of what one says. Teacher cannot be equaled just as the sky cannot be scaled by a ladder. Was Teacher to become the head of a state or a noble family, he would be like the man described in the saying:'he only has to help them stand and they will stand, to guide them and they will walk, to bring peace to them and they will turn to him, to set them tasks and they will work in harmony. In life, he is honored and in death, he will be mourned. How can he be equaled?'

Chapter 20, 尧曰
Verse 1 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 20
Original: 尧曰：“咨！尔舜！天之历数在尔躬，允执其中。四海困穷，天禄永终。” 舜亦以命禹。曰：“予小子履敢用玄牡，敢昭告于皇皇后帝：有罪不敢赦。帝臣不蔽，简在帝心。朕躬有罪，无以万方；万方有罪，罪在朕躬。” 周有大赉，善人是富。“虽有周亲，不如仁人。百姓有过，在予一人。” 谨权量，审法度，修废官，四方之政行焉。兴灭国，继绝世，举逸民，天下之民归心焉。所重：民、食、丧、祭。宽则得众，信则民任焉，敏则有功，公则说。
Modern: 尧说：“啧啧！你这位舜！上天的大命已经落在你的身上了。诚实地保持那中道吧！假如天下百姓都隐于困苦和贫穷，上天赐给你的禄位也就会永远终止。” 舜也这样告诫过禹。商汤说：“我小子履谨用黑色的公牛来祭祀，向伟大的天帝祷告：有罪的人我不敢擅自赦免，天帝的臣仆我也不敢掩蔽，都由天帝的心来分辨、选择。我本人若有罪，不要牵连天下万方，天下万方若有罪，都归我一个人承担。” 周朝大封诸侯，使善人都富贵起来。周武王说：“我虽然有至亲，不如有仁德之人。百姓有过错，都在我一人身上。”认真检查度量衡器，周密地制定法度，全国的政令就会通行了。恢复被灭亡了的国家，接续已经断绝了家族，提拔被遗落的人才，天下百姓就会真心归服了。所重视的四件事：人民、粮食、丧礼、祭祀。宽厚就能得到众人的拥护，诚信就能得到别人的任用，勤敏就能取得成绩，公平就会使百姓公平。
English: Yao said:"Oh, Shun. The decree of heaven has fallen on to you. Hold it truly. If the Empire is reduced to dire straits, heaven will remove your honors forever." This warning was also given to Yu by Shun. "I, Lu, the little one, dare to offer a black bull and to make this declaration before the great Lord. I dare not pardon those who have transgressed. I do not cover those that are working for you for the choice is yours. If I sin, please spare the thousands everywhere. If the thousands have sinned then let that sin be mine." The Zhou Dynasty was blessed with many altruistic men. King Wu of Zhou said"Even close relatives are not equal to benevolent men. If the people have faults, let it solely be mine." During the start of the Zhou Dynasty, weights and measures are closely monitored, laws and policies are closely scrutinized, abandoned official posts are reinstated and the policies start to work. Restore states that are ruined, revive lines that had died away, appoint those that have kept away from public office, and the hearts of the commoners will be yours. Food for people, mourning and sacrificial offerings are important. Be generous and you will receive the support of people. With integrity, you will be given important appointment, hardworking and you can accomplish. and with justice, there is fairness."
Verse 2 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 20
Original: 子张问于孔子曰：“何如斯可以从政矣？”子曰：“尊五美，屏四恶，斯可以从政矣。”子张曰：“何谓五美？”子曰：“君子惠而不费，劳而不怨，欲而不贪，泰而不骄，威而不猛。” 子张曰：“何谓惠而不费？” 子曰：“因民之所利而利之，斯不亦惠而不费乎？择可劳而劳之，又谁怨？欲仁而得仁，又焉贪？君子无众寡，无小大，无敢慢，斯不亦泰而不骄乎？君子正其衣冠，尊其瞻视，俨然人望而畏之，斯不亦威而不猛乎？” 子张曰：“何谓四恶？” 子曰：“不教而杀谓之虐。不戒视成谓之暴。慢令致期谓之贼。犹之与人也，出纳之吝谓之有司。”
Modern: 子张问孔子说：“怎样才可以治理政事呢？”孔子说：“尊重五种美德，排除四种恶政，这样就可以治理政事了。”子张问：“五种美德是什么？”孔子说：“君子要给百姓以恩惠而自已却无所耗费；使百姓劳作而不使他们怨恨；有追求仁德而不贪图财利；庄重而不傲慢；威严而不凶猛。”子张说：“怎样叫要给百姓以恩惠而自己却无所耗费呢？”孔子说：“让百姓们去做对他们有利的事，这不就是对百姓有利而不掏自己的腰包嘛！选择可以让百姓劳作的时间和事情让百姓去做。这又有谁会怨恨呢？自己要追求仁德便得到了仁，又还有什么可贪的呢？君子对人，无论多少，势力大小，都不怠慢他们，这不就是庄重而不傲慢吗？君子衣冠整齐，目不邪视，使人见了就让人生敬畏之心，这不也是威严而不凶猛吗？”子张问：“什么叫四种恶政呢？”孔子说：“不经教化便加以杀戮叫做虐；不加告诫便要求成功叫做暴；不加监督而突然加限期叫做贼，同样是给人财物，却出手吝啬，叫做小气。”
English: Zi Zhang asked Confucius about governance. Confucius said:"Adhere to five form of virtue and stay away from four forms of bad governance." Zi Zhang asked:"What are the five forms of virtue?" Confucius replied:"Generous but no extravagant, when using commoner as labor, make sure they do not have grouses, has the desire to be benevolent but not be greedy, stern but not arrogant." Zi Zhang continued asking," What doe sit mean to be generous but not extravagant?" Confucius said:"Let the people do what will benefit them, is this not generous but not extragant? Work the commoners when there is a need and when they are not farming and who would complain? In the pursuit of benevolence, one is able to achieve it, would he be greedy? The gentleman when dealing with many or few, great or small, he will treat them nicely and equally. Is that not stern but not arrogant? The gentleman dress proper, dignified in his gaze, has a presence that inspires people who see him in awe. Is this not being awe-inspiring without appearing fierce?" Zi Zhang said:"What is meant by the four forms of bad governance?" Confucius said:"To impose the death penalty without first reforming the people is to be cruel; to expect results without first giving warning is to be tyrannical; to insist on a time limit when tardy in issuing orders is to cause thievery. When something has to be given to others anyway, to be miserly in the actual giving is to be petty."
Verse 3 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 20
English: Confucius said:"If one does not understand Destiny, one cannot be called a gentleman. If one does not know the rites, it is very difficult for him to make a mark. If one is not sensitive to words, he will not be able to judge people."
Modern: 孔子说：“不懂得天命，就不能做君子；不知道礼仪，就不能立身处世；不善于分辨别人的话语，就不能真正了解他。”
Original: 孔子曰：“不知命，无以为君子也；不知礼，无以立也；不知言，无以知人也。”

论坛 Analects of Confucius III

Chapter 11, 先进
Verse 1 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 子曰：“先进于礼乐，野人也；后进于礼乐，君子也。如用之，则吾从先进。”
Modern: 先进一辈，从礼乐方面讲，像是朴野人。后进一辈，从礼乐方面讲，真像君子了。但若用到礼乐的话，我还是愿从先进一辈。
English: Confucius said:"As far as the rites and music are concerned, the first people to use them were rustics while those who adopt them later were gentlemen. When it comes to putting the rites and music to use, I follow the former.'
Verse 2 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 子曰：“从我于陈、蔡者，皆不及门也。”德行：颜渊、闵子骞、冉伯牛、仲弓。言语：宰我、子贡。政事：冉有、季路。文学：子游、子夏。
Modern: 孔子说：“跟随我到陈国、蔡国的学生都已不在门下。” 以德行著称：颜渊、闵子骞、冉伯牛、仲弓。以能言善辩著称：宰我、子贡。以政事著称：冉有、季路。以文学著称：子游、子夏。
English: Confucius said:"Those disciples that accompany me to the State of Chen and State of Cai, no longer follows me." Known for virtuous conduct: Yan Yuan, Min Zi Jian, Ran Bo Niu, Zhong Gong. Known for conducting great speeches: Zai Wo, Zi Gong. Known for political matters: Ran You, Ji Lu. Known for literary works pursuits: Zi You, Zi Xia.
Verse 3 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 子曰：“回也，非助我者也，于吾言无所不说。”
Modern: 孔子说：“颜回不是对我有帮助的人；他对我的话没有不悦服的地方。”
English: Confucius said:"Yan Hui is of not much help. He is never displeased with what I say."
Verse 4 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 子曰：“孝哉，闵子骞！人不间于其父母昆弟之言。”
Modern: 孔子说：“闵子骞多么孝顺！父母兄弟赞美他的话，别人都没有异议。”
English: Confucius said:"Min Zi Jian is so filial. No one disputes any praises from his parents and siblings."
Verse 5 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 南容三复白圭(一)，孔子以其兄之子妻之(二)。
Modern: 南容每天再三反复诵读《诗·大雅·抑》篇的诗句，借以警戒自己，谨言慎行，使自己的品德像白圭一样清白无暇。孔子把哥哥的女儿嫁给他。
English: Nan Rong always recite 'White Jade'(1) three times daily to remind himself the prudence of speech. Confucius married his elder brother's daughter to him(2).
Verse 6 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 季康子问：“弟子孰为好学？”孔子对曰：“有颜回者好学，不幸短命死矣，今也则亡。”
Modern: 季康子(一)问：“您的学生中，哪个热心向学？” 孔子答道：“有一位叫颜回(二)的热心向学。可惜命短，现在没有了。”
English: Ji Kang Zi(1) asked:"Which of your disciple is devoted to learning?" Confucius replied:"There was Yan Hui, but alas he is short-lived. Now there is none."
Verse 7 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 颜渊死，颜路请子之车以为之椁。子曰：“才不才，亦各言其子也。鲤也死，有棺而无椁。吾不徒行以为之椁，以吾从大夫之后，不可徒行也。”
Modern: 颜渊去世，颜路请孔子把车子卖掉，替颜渊买棺材。孔子说：“不管有没有才干，作为父母都喜爱自己的孩子。当时孔鲤过世时，只有一副简单的棺材。我不能为了买一副好的棺材，而卖掉车子。因为我要办理政务，不可能徒步跟在大夫后面。
English: When Yan Yuan passed away, Yan Lu requested that Confucius sell his carriage away to buy a good coffin for his son. Confucius said:" No matter talented or not, a parent will love his children. When Kong Li died, I can only offer a simple coffin. I do not want to go on foot in order to provide Yan Yuan with a coffin, because it would not have been proper for me to go on foot, seeing that I took my place among the Counsellors.
Verse 8 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 颜渊死。子曰：“噫！天丧予！天丧予！”
Modern: 颜渊死去。孔子说：“唉！天要亡我！天要亡我！”
English: Yan Yuan just passed away. Confucius said:"Alas, Heaven bereft me! Heaven bereft me!"
Verse 9 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 颜渊死，子哭之恸。从者曰：“子恸矣！”曰：“有恸乎？非夫人之为恸而谁为？”
Modern: 颜渊死去，孔子非常悲伤。追随孔子的学生说：“您太悲伤了。” 孔子答道：“真的太悲伤吗？像这样好学的人死去，实在太可惜了。不为这样的人哀伤，还会为谁哀伤呢？”
English: Yan Yuan passed away, Confucius weeped excessively. His disciples said:"Master, you are too sorrow." Confucius replied:"Too sorrow. A person who is devoted to learning has died. If I am not sorrow about the loss, then whose death should I feel deep sorrow for?"
Verse 10 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 颜渊死，门人欲厚葬之，子曰：“不可。”门人厚葬之。子曰：“回也视予犹父也，予不得视犹子也。非我也，夫二三子也！”
Modern: 颜渊死去，孔子的学生们想给于厚葬。孔子说：“不可以。” 但学生们还是给于厚葬了。孔子说：“颜渊视我为父亲，我却不能视如同儿子。不是我不想，而是因为这些弟子。”
English: Yan Yuan just passed away, Confucius' disciples wish to give him an elaborate funeral. Confucius said:"No, please do not." They went ahead gave him an elaborate funeral. Confucius said:"Yan Hui looked upon me as a father, but alas I was not able to look upon him as a son. It is not that I do not want, but it is due to these disciples."
Verse 11 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 季路问事鬼神。子曰：“未能事人，焉能事鬼？”曰：“敢问死。”曰：“未知生，焉知死？”
Modern: 季路请教祭祀鬼神的礼仪。孔子说：“还不能够侍奉好活人，怎么能够谈侍奉鬼神？” 季路问：“人死后是怎么回事？” 孔子大：“不能够好好了解活着的事或道理，又怎么能了解死后的事呢？”
English: Ji Lu asked about serving the gods and spirits. Confucius replied:"You are not able to serve man well. How can you talk about serving gods and spirits?" Ji Lu asked again:"May I ask about death?" Confucius replied:"You do not understand even life. How can you understand death?"
Verse 12 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 闵子侍侧，訚訚如也；子路，行行如也；冉有、子贡、侃侃如也，子乐。“若由也，不得其死然。”
Modern: 在旁侍候，闵子骞神态和悦恭敬；子路，坚坚稳稳的样子；冉有、子贡，和和乐乐的样子。孔子很高兴。说：“像仲由这样，怕不得善终吧。”
English: In attendance of Confucius, Min Zi Jian was formal; Zi Lu looked firm; Ran You and Zi Gong looked affable. Confucius was happy. He said:"A man like Zi Lu will not die a natural death."
Verse 13 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 鲁人为长府。闵子骞曰：“仍旧贯，如之何？何必改作？”子曰：“夫人不言，言必有中。”
Modern: 鲁国人要改建长府。闵子骞说：“照旧样子，不好吗？何必要改建？” 孔子说：“闵子骞平常少说话，不过一开口却必定中肯。”
English: The people of Lu wanted to reconstruct the treasury. Min Zi Jian said:"Aren't the current design good enough? Why is there a need to reconstruct?" Confucius said:"This man seldom speak, but when he does, what he says is to the point."
Verse 14 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 鲁人为长府。闵子骞曰：“仍旧贯，如之何？何必改作？”子曰：“夫人不言，言必有中。”
Modern: 鲁国人要改建长府。闵子骞说：“照旧样子，不好吗？何必要改建？” 孔子说：“闵子骞平常少说话，不过一开口却必定中肯。”
English: The people of Lu wanted to reconstruct the treasury. Min Zi Jian said:"Aren't the current design good enough? Why is there a need to reconstruct?" Confucius said:"This man seldom speak, but when he does, what he says is to the point."
Verse 15 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 子贡问：“师与商也孰贤？”子曰：“师也过，商也不及。”曰：“然则师愈与？”子曰：“过犹不及。”
Modern: 子贡问：“子张与子夏，谁比较贤明？” 孔子答道：“子张过了分，而子夏却达不到标准。” “那么是子张较好？” 孔子答道：“过了分和道不到标准都同样不好。”
English: Zi Gong asked:"Comparing Zi Zhang and Zi Xia, who is more virtuous?" Confucius replied:"Zi Zhang goes beyond the mark while Zi Xia miss the mark." "Does that mean Zi Zhang is better?" Confucius replied:"Going beyond and missing the mark are the same."
Verse 16 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 季氏富于周公，而求也为之聚敛而附益之。子曰：“非吾徒也，小子鸣鼓而攻之可也。”
Modern: 季康子比周公富有，而冉求还替他聚敛钱财，追随与帮助他。孔子说：“冉求不是我学生，你们可以大张旗鼓地声讨他。”
English: Ji Kang Zi is richer than Emperor Zhou, yet Ran Qiu gathered more for him. Confucius said:"He is no disciple of mine, you may scold or denounce him."
Verse 17 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 柴也愚，参也鲁，师也辟，由也喭。
Modern: 高柴(一)愚拙；曾参(二)鲁钝；颛孙师(三)偏激；仲由(四)刚愎。
English: Gao Chai(1) is dull-witted, Zeng Sheng(2) is simple-minded, Zhuan Sun Shi(3) is bias, Zhong You(4) is stubborn.
Verse 18 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 子曰：“回也其庶乎，屡空。赐不受命，而货殖焉，亿则屡中。”
Modern: 孔子说：“颜回的学问道德相当不错了，可是贫穷得没有办法。端木赐不接受天命，去经商，对于行情发展趋势往往能猜中。
English: Confucius said:"Yan Hui is almost perfect but constantly in dire proverty; Duan Mu Chi refuses to accept his lot thus involve himself in business and is correct in his predictions of trends."
Verse 19 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 子张问善人之道。子曰：“不践迹，亦不入于室。”
Modern: 子张问怎样作一个真正的好人。孔子说：“帮助别人不图回报，施以恩惠或援手而不留痕迹，也不让人知道。”
English: Zi Zhang asked about the way of the good man. Confucius said:"To help people without asking for return. To render help without traces or others knowledge."
Verse 20 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 子曰：“论笃是与，君子者乎？色庄者乎？”
Modern: 孔子说：“只以一个人的言论或著作来判断其是否诚实忠厚，是不可靠的。怎能如此武断地认为他是有较高品德修养的君子？还是表面庄重的伪君子呢？”
English: Confucius said:"A judgement of one's character based on his words or writings is not reliable. How can one pass a judgement that a person is of high moral grounds or a hypocrite just on his words or writings?"
Verse 21 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 子路问：“闻斯行诸？”子曰：“有父兄在，如之何其闻斯行之？”冉有问：“闻斯行诸？”子曰：“闻斯行之。公西华曰：“由也问：‘闻斯行诸’，子曰：‘有父兄在’；求也问闻斯行诸，子曰：‘闻斯行之’。赤也惑，敢问。”子曰：“求也退，故进之；由也兼人，故退之。”
Modern: 子路问：“有所闻既当有所行吗？” 孔子答：“你父兄健在，责任未了，宜当慎重。纵有所闻，自当有所秉命，何必立即而行？”
冉有问：“有所闻既当有所行吗？” 孔子答：“是的，有所闻既当有所行。”
公西华说：“两位都问同样的问题，为何老师的答案却不同呢？” 孔子说：“冉求禀性柔弱退让，所以激励他进取；仲由莽勇所以抑制警戒他。”
English: Zi Lu asked:"Should one put into practice what one has heard?" Confucius replied:"Your father and siblings are still alive, it is best you consider first before comitting what you heard into practice."
Ran You asked:"Should one put into practice what one has heard?" Confucius replied:"Yes, you should."
Gong Xi Hua was puzzled and asked:"Teacher, both asked the same question but why are the answers different?" Confucius replied:"Ran Qiu is meek in nature, thus I encourage him to move forward; Zhong You is almost fearless, thus I restrained him."
Verse 22 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 子畏于匡，颜渊后。子曰：“吾以女为死矣！”曰：“子在，回何敢死！”
Modern: 孔子在匡邑遭到围攻(一)，颜渊落在后面。孔子说：“我以为你已经死了。” 颜渊答道：“老师还在世，颜回怎敢死去。”
English: Confucius was under sieged at Kuang(1), Yan Yuan fell behind. Confucius said:"I thought you were dead." Yan Yuan said:"While you, Teacher, are still alive, how would I dare to die?"
Verse 23 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 季子然问：“仲由、冉求，可谓大臣与？”子曰：“吾以子为异之问，曾由与求之问。所谓大臣者，以道事君，不可则止。今由与求也，可谓具臣矣。”曰：“然则从之者与？”子曰：“弑父与君，亦不从也。”
Modern: 季子然问：“仲由、冉求可以担任一国大臣吗？” 孔子答道：“我还以为你问什么特别的问题，原来是问仲由与冉求。我可以告诉你，真正的大臣是以正道侍奉君主，不能做到就自然适可而止。至于仲由和冉求吗，只能说是个从属的臣子而已。” “他们只会遵从命令吗？” “弑父与君的命令不遵从。” English: Ji Zi Ran asked:"Zhong You and Ran Qiu, can they be considered for great officials?" Confucius replied:"I thought you going to ask something special. A great offical is one that serves their lords wholeheartedly, and if they cannot, they will not take up the post. Now Zhong You and Ran Qiu can only be considered officials of convenience." "In that case, are they the kind that will always do as they are told?" Confucius replied:"No. They will not do so when it comes to patricide or regicide."
Verse 24 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 子路使子羔为费宰。子曰：“贼夫人之子。”子路曰：“有民人焉，有社稷焉，何必读书，然后为学。”子曰：“是故恶夫佞者。”
Modern: 子路推举子羔(一)为费(二)邑的长官。孔子说：“你这是害别人的孩子。” 子路说：“那里有人民，也有土地，何必要先读书，然后才做事呢？” 孔子说：“所以我才最讨厌那种疾言巧辩的人。”
English: Zi Lu recommended Zi Gao(1) to be steward of Fei(2). Confucius said:"This is ruining the children." Zi Lu said:"There are people there living off the lands, is there a need for them to study and seek office?" Confucius said:"This is why I hate artful speakers."
Verse 25 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 11
Original: 子路、曾皙、冉有、公西华侍坐。子曰：“以吾一日长乎尔，毋吾以也。居则曰：‘不吾知也！’如或知尔，则何以哉？”子路率尔而对曰：“千乘之国，摄乎大国之间，加之以师旅，因之以饥馑。由也为之，比及三年，可使有勇，且知方也。”夫子哂之。“求尔何如？”对曰：“方六七十，如五六十，求也为之，比及三年，可使足民。如其礼乐，以俟君子。” “赤尔何如？”对曰：“非曰能之，愿学焉。宗庙之事，如会同，端章甫，愿为小相焉。” “点尔何如？”鼓瑟希，铿尔，舍瑟而作，对曰：“异乎三子者之撰。”子曰：“何伤乎？亦各言其志也。”曰：“莫春者，春服既成，冠者五六人，童子六七人，浴乎沂，风乎舞雩，咏而归。”夫子喟然叹曰：“吾与点也！”三子者出，曾皙后。曾皙曰：“夫三子者之言何如？” 子曰：“亦各言其志也已矣。” 曰：“夫子何哂由也？”曰：“为国以礼，其言不让，是故哂之。”“唯求则非邦也与？” “安见方六七十如五六十而非邦也者？” “唯赤则非邦也与？” “宗庙会同，非诸侯而何？赤也为之小，孰能为之大？”
Modern: 子路、曾皙、冉有、公西华围在孔子坐前。孔子说：“我虽然年龄长于你们，但是你们不要因为我年长，感到为难而有所保留，可以畅所欲言。你们平时总是抱怨说：‘人们不了解我啊！’现在，如果有人知道并想重用你们。那么你能做什么呢？” 子路率先回答：“拥有千辆兵车的国家，夹处在几个大国之间。国外有军队来侵犯，并且国内又发生了灾荒。这时让我去治理，三年时间，可以使老百姓人人勇武，并且明辨是非道理。” 孔子轻轻一笑，并没做什么评语。孔子向冉有说：“你将如何做？” 冉有回答：“一个纵横大约六七十里，或五六十里的地方，让我治理，三年内，可以让百姓富足。礼乐方面，那就要等到有德行修养的君子来实行。” “公西华，你能做什么？” 公西华回答：“我不敢说有本领做好它，但我愿意在这方面学习。举行祭礼或者诸侯会盟，我穿上礼服，戴上礼帽，愿意做一个小司仪。” “曾皙，你有什么打算？” 弹奏琴瑟的声音渐渐慢下来，最后发出一个有力的击弦声，然后他将瑟放下，跪直了身子，回答：“我没有他们三位所言的能力，也于他们三位的想法不同。” 孔子说：“那有什么关系，并不妨碍什么，只是各自谈谈自己的志向啊。” 曾皙说：“春光和熙的日子里，换上轻盈舒适的春装。邀集五六位朋友，领着六七个天真烂漫的孩子，在沂水里游泳，在岸边踏青散步，在舞雩台上吹风乘凉。然后一路咏诗走回家。” 孔子叹息道：“我赞同你的想法啊！” 子路、冉有、公西华走后，曾皙说：“先生对刚才三位的话有何评语？” 孔子说：“也只是各自谈谈自己的志向罢了。” 曾皙说：“那么先生为何为什么却笑仲由？” 孔子说：“治理国家应该推崇礼让，可是他说的话却一点也不谦逊，所以笑了。” 曾皙又说：“那么只有冉求治理国家的方法可取？” 孔子说：“怎见得方圆六七十里或五六十里的地方，就够不上一个国家呢？” 曾皙说：“是不是只有公西华所说的才是治理国家的方法呢？” 孔子答道：“宗庙祭奠，诸侯会盟，不是为了国家又是什么呢？如果公西华只能担任司仪，那么又有谁能做大事呢？”
English: When Zi Lu, Zeng Xi, Ran You and Gong-Xi Hua were seated in attendance, Confucius said:"Do not feel constrained simply because I am a senior than you are. Now you are in the habit of saying, "My abilities are not appreciated," but if someone did appreciate your abilities, do tell me how you would go about things." Zi Lu promptly answered, 'If I were to administer a large state, situated between powerful neighbours, troubled by armed invasions and plagued by natural disasters, I could, within three years, give the people courage and a sense of morals." The Master smiled. "Ran You, what about you?" "If I were to administer an area measuring sixty or seventy li square, or even fifty or sixty li square, I could, within three years, make the population affluent. As to the rites and music, I would leave that to better able gentleman." "Gong Xi Hua, how about you?" "I do not say that I already have the ability, but I am ready to learn. On ceremonial occasions in the ancestral temple or in diplomatic gatherings, I should like to assist as a minor official in charge of protocol, properly dressed in my ceremonial cap and robes." "Zeng Xi, how about you?" After a few dying notes came the final chord, and then he stood up from his lute. "I differ from the other three in my choice." Confucius said:"What harm is there in that? After all each man is stating what he has set his heart upon." "In late spring, wearing spring clothes, I would like, together with five or six friends and six or seven kids, to go bathing in the River Yi and enjoy the breeze on the Rain Altar, and then to go home chanting poetry." Confucius let out a deep sigh and said:" 'I am all in favour of Zeng Xi." When the three left, Zeng Xi stayed behind. He said:"What do you think of what the other three said?" "They were only stating what they had set their hearts upon." "Why did you smile at Zi Lu?" "It is by the rites, that a state is administered, but in the way he spoke Zi Lu showed a lack of modesty. That is why I smiled at him." "In the case of Ran You, was his method correct in administering a state?" "What can justify one in saying that sixty or seventy li square or fifty or sixty li square do not deserve the name of "state"?" 'In the case of Gong Xi Hua, was he not concerned with a state?" "Are ceremonial occasions in the ancestral temple and diplomatic gatherings not matters which concern rulers of feudal states? If Gong Xi Hua plays only a minor part, who would be able to play a major role?"

Chapter 12, 颜渊
Verse 1 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 颜渊问仁。子曰：“克己复礼为仁。一日克己复礼，天下归仁焉。为仁由己，而由人乎哉？” 颜渊曰：“请问其目？”子曰：“非礼勿视，非礼勿听，非礼勿言，非礼勿动。” 颜渊曰：“回虽不敏，请事斯语矣。”
Modern: 颜渊问什么是仁。孔子说：“克制自己，使言行举止合乎礼仪，就是仁。每天可以做到以礼仪约束自己言行，天下也就大同，风气也就回归到仁的正轨上了。能不能做到这点，取决于自己，而不是决定于别人。” 颜渊继续问：“请问具体如何理解。”孔子说：“不合乎礼制的事情不要去看，忤逆礼仪的言辞不要听信，有损于礼规的话语不要说，超过礼法的事情不要动手去做。” 颜渊说：“我颜回虽然不聪明，但也有志于仁德修养，那么我就按照这标准去做。”
English: Yan Yuan asked about benevolence. Confucius said:"To discipline yourself to act according to the rites is benevolence. If such self-discipline is practise everyday and by many, the society would be on the correct path. The practice of benevolence starts from ownself and not others." Yan Yuan asked:"Can you elaborate more, please." Confucius continued,"Do not look at what is not in accordance to rites. Do not listen to what is not in accordance to rites. Do not speak in a manner not in accordance to rites. Do not act in a way that is not in accordance to rites." Yan Yuan said:"Although I am not smart, but I will act in accordance to these protocols."
Verse 2 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 仲弓问仁。子曰：“出门如见大宾，使民如承大祭。己所不欲，勿施于人。在邦无怨，在家无怨。”仲弓曰：“雍虽不敏，请事斯语矣。”
Modern: 仲弓问什么是仁。孔子说：“出门，仪容整肃，如同接见贵宾；役使民力就像承办重大礼仪祭礼一样慎重。自己不愿意做的事情，不要要求别人做。在国家任职时，不做令人怨恨的事。在居家时，没有让乡邻厌恶的行为。” 仲弓说：“冉雍我虽然愚钝，但我会依照您说的去做。”
English: Zhong Gong asked about benevolence. Confucius said:"When you are outside, behave as though you are receiving an important guest. Task the common people with great care, as if you are planning an important ceremony. Do not impose on others what you do not want. When in public office, do not do things that will incur the wrath of people and when at home, do not behave in such a way that may irritate your neigbours." Zhong Gong said:"I may be slow-witted, but I will try to adhere to what you said."
Verse 3 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 司马牛问仁。子曰：“仁者，其言也讱。”曰：“其言也讱，斯谓之仁已乎？”子曰：“为之难，言之得无讱乎？”
Modern: 司马牛问什么是仁。孔子说：“仁德的人，他的言语慎重温婉。” 司马牛说：“只要言语慎重，就算达到有仁德修养的境界了吗？” 孔子答道：“任何事情做起来都不容易，说话能够慎重会很容易吗？”
English: Sima Niu asked about benevolence. Confucius said:"One who is benevolent speaks with great care." Sima Niu asked:"Does that mean if one is able to speak with great care, he is benevolent?" Confucius replied:"When it comes to doing, it always difficult. Do you think speaking with great care is easy to do?"
Verse 4 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 司马牛问君子。子曰：“君子不忧不惧。”曰：“不忧不惧，斯谓之君子已乎？”子曰：“内省不疚，夫何忧何惧？”
Modern: 司马牛问君子之道。孔子说：“君子胸怀坦荡，既不因私欲而忧虑，也无所畏惧。” 司马牛又问：“那不忧虑，不畏惧，就可成为君子吗？” 孔子说：“做事问心无愧，又哪来的忧虑和恐惧呢？”
English: Sima Niu asked how to become a gentleman. Confucius said:"A gentleman is without worry, without fear." Sima Niu continued asking:"Can a man be considered a gentleman if he has no fears and no worries." Confucius replied:"If one does not do things that goes against his conscience, then what worries or fear is there?"
Verse 5 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 司马牛忧曰：“人皆有兄弟，我独亡！”子夏曰：“商闻之矣，死生有命，富贵在天。君子敬而无失，与人恭而有礼。四海之内皆兄弟也，君子何患乎无兄弟也？”
Modern: 司马牛忧心忡忡地说：“人们都有兄弟，独我没有。” 子夏说：“我听过‘生死乃命中注定，财富地位由上天安排’。君子尊敬别人，而且没有错失。待人恭敬，而且有礼貌。四海之内皆兄弟。君子何必担心没有兄弟。”
English: Sima Niu said in a worrisome tone:"All men have brothers, except me." Zi Xia said:"I have heard that life and death are predestined, how much riches, how high a position one can get is determined by heaven. The gentleman is respectful and does no wrong, treat people with respect and courteous towards others. All those within the four seas(1) can be considered his brothers. Why should the gentleman be concerned about not having brothers?"
Verse 6 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 子张问明。子曰：“浸润之谮，肤受之愬，不行焉，可谓明也已矣。浸润之谮，肤受之愬，不行焉，可谓远也已矣。”
Modern: 子张问怎么样才能做到明查幽微。孔子说：“对于那种如水般暗中浸润渗透，诋毁他人的谮言、切肤之痛所感同身受的委屈而提出直接申诉和诬陷，能公正的对待，就可以说是明察了。谮言和诬陷得以杜绝，使其行不通，就可以说是具有远见卓视而做到明察深远。”
English: Zi Zhang asked about being perspicacious. Confucius said:"When a man is not influenced by slanders which are assiduously repeated or by complaints for which he feels a direct sympathy, he can be said to be perspicacious. If he is able to discern these slanders and complaints repeatedly and not be influenced by it, he is said to be far-sighted as well."
Verse 7 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 子贡问政。子曰：“足食，足兵，民信之矣。”子贡曰：“必不得已而去，于斯三者何先？”曰：“去兵。”子贡曰：“必不得已而去，于斯二者何先？”曰：“去食。自古皆有死，民无信不立。”
Modern: 子贡问治国之道。孔子说：“粮食充足，军备完善，百姓信任而上下同心。” 子贡说：“迫不得已，须要做取舍，应该舍弃哪一个呢？” “舍弃兵力。” 子贡说：“情况进一步恶化，应当在舍弃哪一个？” “舍弃粮食，自古以来，人死不可避免，但是如果失去了人民的信任，那么也就什么都没有了。”
English: Zi Gong asked about governance. Confucius said:"Sufficient food, sufficient arms and trust of people." Zi Gong asked:"What if something terrible happen and we need to give up one of the three?" "Give up arms first." Zi Gong continued asking:"If the situation worsens and we need to give up one of the remaining two, which one to give up then?" Confucius replied:"Give up food. Death has always been with us since the beginning of time, but when there is no trust, the common people will have nothing to stand on."
Verse 8 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 棘子成曰：“君子质而已矣，何以文为？”子贡曰：“惜乎，夫子之说君子也，驷不及舌。文犹质也，质犹文也。虎豹之鞟犹犬羊之鞟。”
Modern: 棘子成(一)说：“所谓君子，主要是指笃厚朴实的本质而说的，为什么要以礼仪文采词藻来修饰呢？” 子贡说：“先生这样谈论君子，可惜说错了。一言既出，驷马难追。礼仪的文采体现内在的品质，质朴的内心决定着形式的礼仪文采，二者同样重要。就像虎豹皮去掉毛的纹饰以后，与狗羊的皮没两样。”
English: Ji Zi Cheng(1) said:"For the gentleman, substance is everything. What is there a need for refinement?" Zi Gong commented:"It is a pity that the gentleman should have spoken so about the gentleman. 'A team of horses cannot catch up with one's tongue.' Substance needs refinement to enhance its value. Refinement needs substance to determine its way of presentation. They are equally important. If is like the pelt of tiger or leopard. Once you removed the patterns on the pelt, it is no different from that of the dog or goat."
Verse 9 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 哀公问于有若曰：“年饥，用不足，如之何？”有若对曰：“盍彻乎？”曰：“二，吾犹不足，如之何其彻也？”对曰：“百姓足，君孰与不足？百姓不足，君孰与足？”
Modern: 鲁哀公问有若(一)说：“年逢饥荒，资源不足，怎么办？” 有若答道：“何不实行十分抽一的税率？” “十分抽二，我还觉得不够，怎么可能十分抽一呢？” “百姓充足，君子怎么会不充足呢？百姓不足，君主怎么会足够呢？”
English: Duke Ai of State of Lu asked You Ruo(1):" In time of famine and insufficient resources, what should I do?" You Ruo said:"Why not tax one part in ten?" "Two parts in ten, I feel is insufficient, what more to say about taxing one part in ten？" "If the people are affluent, how can the lord not be sufficient? If the people does not have enough, how can the lord be sufficient?"
Verse 10 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 子张问崇德辨惑。子曰：“主忠信，徙义，崇德也。爱之欲其生，恶之欲其死。既欲其生，又欲其死，是惑也。‘诚不以富，亦祇以异。’”
Modern: 子张问如何提高品德修养,辨别疑惑。孔子说：“主张尽忠守信，追随义理，就是推崇品德。喜欢一个人，就希望他活下去；憎恶他时，就希望他死去。一会儿希望他活，一会儿又希望他死；这就是困惑。所谓‘诚不以富，亦祇以异。’(一)”
English: Zi Zhang asked about exaltation of virtue and the recognition of misguided judgment." Confucius said:"Make it your guiding principle to do your best for others, be trustworthy in what you say and move yourself to where rightness is, then you will be exalting virtue. When you love a man you want him to live and when you hate him you want him to die. One moment having wanted him to live, you then want him to die, this is misguided judgment.'If you did not do so for the sake of riches, You must have done so for the sake of novelty'(1)."
Verse 11 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 齐景公问政于孔子。孔子对曰：“君君臣臣、父父子子。”公曰：“善哉！信如君不君、臣不臣、父不父、子不子，虽有粟，吾得而食诸？”
Modern: 齐景公问孔子治国之道。孔子说：“君主就是君主，臣民就是臣民，父亲就是父亲，儿子就是儿子，各行其道。” 齐景公说：“说得好！如果君主不像是君主，臣民不像是臣民，父亲不像是父亲，儿子不像是儿子，即使有粮食，我能吃得到吗？”
English: Duke Jing of the State of Qi asked Confucius about governance. Confucius replied:"The lords in position behave the way it should, the subjects behave like a subject should, father behave like a father should, son behave like what a son should." Duke Jing said:"Indeed! If they do not behave the way they should, even if there are ample food, would I have my share of it?"
Verse 12 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 子曰：“片言可以折狱者，其由也与？”子路无宿诺。
Modern: 孔子说：“只听一方的陈词，就可对案件下判断，只有仲由能做到吧？” 子路(一)履行诺言从不拖延逾期。
English: Confucius said:"Only Zhong You can arrive at the truth in a legal dispute based on evidence and argument from one party only." Zi Lu(1) always fulfill the promises he made on time.
Verse 13 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 子曰：“听讼，吾犹人也，必也使无讼乎。”
Modern: 孔子说：“审理诉讼，如同我就是诉讼者，必须使其诉讼不在发生。”
English: Confucius said:"WhenＩam presiding a legal dispute, I put myself in the shoes of the party involve, so as to remove the need for litigation on the same issue again."
Verse 14 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 子张问政。子曰：“居之无倦，行之以忠。”
Modern: 子张问治国政事的要则。孔子说：“身处其位一刻也不懈怠，处理事务能尽忠。”
English: Zi Zhang asked about managing state affairs. Confucius said:"Concentrate fully on executing the task when in the position. When there is action to be taken, give it all your best."
Verse 15 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 子曰：“博学于文，约之以礼，亦可以弗畔矣夫！”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子广泛的学习传统道德文献，用礼仪来规范自己，其言行也就不可能离经叛道。”
English: Confucius said:"A gentleman studies literatures extensively and observes the rites, thus it is very unlikely it will go astray."
Verse 16 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 子曰：“君子成人之美，不成人之恶。小人反是。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子帮助别人成全其好事，不帮助别人做坏事。小人则恰恰相反。”
English: Confucius said:"The gentleman would help one to achieve good things and do not help others to do bad things. The non-gentleman does the exact opposite."
Verse 17 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 季康子问政于孔子。孔子对曰：“政者，正也。子帅以正，孰敢不正？”
Modern: 季康子(一): 问孔子治国之道。孔子说：“执政者需正。上位者行为中正，还有谁敢行为不端正。”
English: Ji Kang Zi(1) asked Confucius about governance. Confucius said:"The person in the highest position should act with integrity. If he sets an good example, would others dare not to follow?"
Verse 18 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 季康子患盗，问于孔子。孔子对曰：“苟子之不欲，虽赏之不窃。”
Modern: 季康子(一): 担心盗贼猖獗，向孔子请教解决方法。孔子说：“只要自身不贪，即使有奖赏，也不会有人去干偷窃的勾当。”
English: Ji Kang Zi(1) was troubled by the prevalence of robbers and thieves. He went to ask Confucius for advice. Confucius adviced:"If you are not covetous, even if there is a reward for stealing, no one would do it."
Verse 19 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 季康子问政于孔子曰：“如杀无道，以就有道，何如？”孔子对曰：“子为政，焉用杀？子欲善而民善矣。君子之德风，小人之德草，草上之风，必偃。”
Modern: 季康子(一)问孔子治理政事的方法，说：“如果以死刑惩罚没有道德的人，树立有德行的人，怎么样？” 孔子答道：“先生治理国家何必用到死刑？只要先生向善，人民便向善。君子的德行对世俗的影响就像风一样，平民百姓的德行就像草。风吹草动，草必定虽风而俯仰。”
English: Ji Kang Zi(1)asked Confucius about governance,"Should I use capital punishment on those that are immoral?" Confucius replied:"Is there really a need for the use of capital punishment? As long as you set a good example, others will follow. The virtues of the lord is like the wind while those of the commoners are like the grass. When the wind blows in a direction, the grass will bend towards that direction."
Verse 20 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 子张问：“士何如斯可谓之达矣？”子曰：“何哉，尔所谓达者？” 子张对曰：“在邦必闻，在家必闻。”子曰：“是闻也，非达也。夫达也者，质直而好义，察言而观色，虑以下人。在邦必达，在家必达。夫闻也者，色取仁而行违，居之不疑。在邦必闻，在家必闻。”
Modern: 子张问：“读书人怎么样才可以称得上通达？” 孔子问：“你说的‘通达’是甚么意思？” 子张答道：“在国必定闻名，在家必定闻名。” “只是闻名，不是通达。通达的人，天生正直，而且爱好义理，观察别人的言语，观察别人的神色，思虑著处于自己之下的人；所以在国必定通达，在家必定通达。所谓闻名，外表仁德，但行为背道而驰，以仁德自居，心安理得地对自己的行为毫不怀疑，，无所忌惮。这种人在国必定闻名，在家必定闻名。
English: Zi Zhang asked what a scholar should do to be considered successful. Confucius said:"What do you mean by successful?" Zi Zhang replied:"He is famous in state and family." Confucius said," Then that is fame, not success. Success is when one is upright and honest, take heed of what is spoken, note the countenance of people and care about those lower in status than him. Then he would be successful in state and family. Famous can be when one might appear to be benevolent, but his actions speak otherwise. He lives without a doubt that his actions are correct. Such a person can be famous in state and family."
Verse 21 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 樊迟从游于舞雩之下，曰：“敢问崇德，修慝，辨惑。”子曰：“善哉问！先事后得，非崇德与？攻其恶，勿攻人之恶，非修慝与？一朝之忿，忘其身，以及其亲，非惑与？”
Modern: 樊迟跟随孔子到舞雩台下游玩，说：“请问如何提高品德修养、去除恶念，明辨疑惑。孔子说：“问得好！先做事，后取得回报，不就是提高品德修养吗？自我反省过失，消除不该有的邪恶念头，而不是指责他人的恶劣行为，不就是修正自己邪恶的行为吗？因一时气愤，忘记了自身安危，牵连到自己父母，不就是糊涂吗？”
English: Fan Chi accompanied Confucius to the Rain Altar. He asked:" How can one go about exalting virtue, dispel malevolence from within and recognise delusion?" "A good question indeed. By putting work before reward, is that not exaltation? To recognize and change ones mistakes and not keep on critizing fault on others, is that not dispelling malevolence. In a moment of anger, you forget about you and your kin's safety, is that not delusion?"
Verse 22 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 樊迟问仁。子曰：“爱人。”问知。子曰：“知人。” 樊迟未达。子曰：“举直错诸枉，能使枉者直。” 樊迟退，见子夏曰：“乡也吾见于夫子而问知，子曰：‘举直错诸枉，能使枉者直’。何谓也？” 子夏曰：“富哉言乎！舜有天下，选于众，举皋陶，不仁者远矣。汤有天下，选于众，举伊尹，不仁者远矣。”
Modern: 樊迟问什么是仁。孔子说：“爱人。” 樊迟又问什么是智。孔子说：“知人。” 樊迟不理解。孔子说：“推举正直的人，斥退邪恶的人，就能使邪恶的人改邪归正。樊迟退下，找到子夏，说：“刚才拜见老师，问他什么是智慧。老师说‘举直错诸枉(一): ，能使枉者直。’ 这是什么意思？” 子夏答道:“多么有意义的话呀！帝舜拥有天下，从众人挑选贤能的人，推举皋陶，远离没有仁德的人。商汤拥有天下，从众人挑选有德才的人，重用伊尹，那些没有仁德的人就离开了。”
English: Fan Chi asked what is benevolence. Confucius said:" To love people." Fan Chi asked what is knowledge. Confucius said:" To know people." Fan Chi cannot comprehend, so Confucius elaborated:" Elevate the honest and righteous above evildoers, and the evildoers will mend their ways." Fan Chi retired, met Zi Xia and said:"A while ago, I asked Teacher about knowledge and he said'Elevate the honest and righteous above evildoers, and the evildoers will mend their ways.'(1) What does it mean?" Zi Xia replied:"Such great meaning in this sentence. When Shun was ruling, he put Gao Tao in high authority and those that were not benevolent never came near. When Shang was ruling, he put Yi Yin in high authority and those that were not benevolent never came near."
Verse 23 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 子贡问友。子曰：“忠告而善道之，不可则止，毋自辱焉。”
Modern: 子贡问什么是朋友。孔子说：“尽心劝告他的过失，用恰当的方法引导他。如果不接受，便当停止，不要自取其辱而又失去友谊。”
English: Zi Gong asked what is friendship. Confucius said:"To advice when he makes a mistake, guide him properly. If to no avail, then halt, or you will disgrace yourself and worse, lose the friendship."
Verse 24 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 12
Original: 曾子曰：“君子以文会友，以友辅仁。”
Modern: 曾子说：“君子以文章学问结交志同道合的朋友，朋友之间互相帮助提高仁德修养。”
English: Zeng Zi said:"A gentleman makes friends through literary pursuits, and friendship ennobles benevolence."

Chapter 13, 子路
Verse 1 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子路问政。子曰：“先之、劳之。” 请益。曰：“无倦。”
Modern: 子路请教办理政务的要领。孔子说：“率先做出榜样，以自己的劳动，使民劳动。” 子路请求进一步解释。孔子说：“勤于做事，不知厌倦。”
English: Zi Lu asked about governance. Confucius replied:"Use yourself as an example, you work first, then require others to work." Zi Lu asked Confucius to elaborate further. Confucius said:" Just do what I said relentless and without complain."
Verse 2 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 仲弓为季氏宰。问政。子曰：“先有司，赦小过，举贤才。” 曰：“焉知贤才而举之？”曰：“举尔所知，尔所不知，人其舍诸？”
Modern: 仲弓出任季氏私邑的管理，请教孔子政务治理。孔子说：“首先是设立公职，明确职责，赦免小错，选拔贤良有才德的人。” “怎么样可以知道贤良的人才，然后推举他？” 孔子答道：“先推举你所认识的，其他你所不知道得，难道别人会舍弃吗？”
English: Zhong Gong was to become a head steward to a city for the Ji family. He consulted Confucius one governance. Confucius replied:"Start with the officals and their duties, pardon minor faults, put the virtuous and talented in high position. Zhong Gong said:"How am I to know who the virtuous and talented?" Confucius said:"Just put those that you know in high position. As for those whom you do not know, do you think others will not use them?"
Verse 3 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子路曰：“卫君待子而为政，子将奚先？” 子曰：“必也正名乎！” 子路曰：“有是哉，子之迂也！奚其正？” 子曰：“野哉，由也！君子于其所不知，盖阙如也。名不正，则言不顺；言不顺，则事不成；事不成，则礼乐不兴；礼乐不兴，则刑罚不中；刑罚不中，则民无所措手足。故君子名之必可言也，言之必可行也。君子于其言，无所苟而已矣。”
Modern: 子路说：“假若卫国国君请您去治理国家政事，您会先做什么？” 孔子说：“首先是辨正名份。” 子路说：“有这个必要吗？这做法未免太迂回吧？这名份又如何辩正？” 孔子说：“你真是不明事理。君子对与不懂的事就应该保留不说；名份不正，说的话就不顺理；话不顺理，什么事都办不成；什么事都办不成，便不能推行礼乐；礼乐不能推行，单用刑罚，刑罚就不公正；刑罚不公正，百姓就手足无措。因此，君子名份定下来，必定要能说得出口，说得出口一定要能做得到。君子对于自己的言论，没有一丝苟且。”
English: Zi Lu asked:"If the Lord of State of Wei offers you a public office, what would you do first?" Confucius replied:"Making a name for myself." "Is there such a need? Aren't you doing things in a roundabout way? Why making a name?" Confucius said:"You are not being virtuous here. A gentleman avoid making comments on things he does not know. When the reputation is not instituted properly, instructions will not be accepted; when instructions are not accepted, things are not accomplished; when things are not accomplished, rites and music cannot thrive. Rites and music cannot thrive, punishment and penalties are not carried out in justice; punishment and penalties are not carried out in justice, then commoners are in a bind. Thus with name instituted, a gentleman can speak and actions can be taken. What a gentleman says is but earnest."
Verse 4 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 樊迟请学稼。子曰：“吾不如老农。” 请学为圃。曰：“吾不如老圃。” 樊迟出。子曰：“小人哉，樊须也！上好礼，则民莫敢不敬；上好义，则民莫敢不服；上好信，则民莫敢不用情。夫如是，则四方之民襁负其子而至矣，焉用稼？”
Modern: 樊迟请教如何耕稼。孔子说：“我不如老农夫。” 樊迟请教如何种菜。孔子说：“我不如老菜农。” 樊迟退出后，孔子说：“樊迟真是胸无大志。居于上层执政地位的人提倡礼仪，没有人民敢不恭敬；居于上层执政地位的人爱好义理，没有人民敢不服从；居于上层执政地位的人崇尚诚信，没有人民敢不诚实。能够做到这样，则四方的百姓都会背着孩子到来，那有何必自己耕稼？”
English: Fan Chi asked about agriculture. Confucius said:"The farmer is better than me." Fan Chi asked about cultivating vegetables, and Confucius replied:" The vegetable farmer is better than me." After Fan Chi left, Confucius commented:"Fan Chi is such a short-sighted man. When those above are devoted to rites, the people will not venture to become disrespectful. When those above are devoted to righteousness, the people will not venture to become non supporting. When those above are devoted to integrity, the people will not venture to become dishonest.If those above are able to achieve all three, people from everywhere will come and would bring their children as well. Is there a need for learn agriculture then?"
Verse 5 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子曰：“诵诗三百，授之以政，不达；使于四方，不能专对；虽多，亦奚以为？”
Modern: 孔子说：“熟读《诗经》三白首，交给他国家政事，他不会治理；让他出使他国，由不能办理好外交事务；背得虽多而不会运用，又有何用呢？”
English: Confucius said:"To be able to recite three hundred poems from The Odes but fail in public office or not able to handle diplomatic matters, of what use are the many poems?"
Verse 6 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子曰：“其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从。”
Modern: 孔子说：“自身正直，不许号令则自然执行；自身不正直，虽有号令也无人服从。”
English: Confucius said:"If one is righteous and sets a good example, others would take action without his instructions. If one is not righteous or does not set a good example, others would not take action even if he pass down instructions."
Verse 7 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子曰：“鲁、卫之政，兄弟也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“鲁国和卫国的政事很相似。”
English: Confucius said:"The public policies in State of Lu and the State of Wei are similar."
Verse 8 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子谓卫公子荆：“善居室。始有，曰：‘苟合矣。’少有，曰：‘苟完矣。’富有，曰：‘苟美矣。’”
Modern: 孔子谈到卫国公子荆(一)善于起居：“刚开始居住时，便说：‘将就一点就可以住了’。当他比较富有一点，扩建起居时，又说：‘可以住了，很完备了’。 但他非常富有，扩建起居时，说：‘已经相当好了，够了，非常完美了。”
English: Confucius was talking about young Lord Jing of the State of Wei. Confucius is using Lord Jing's attitude towards his housing to show his modest lifestyle. Confucius said:"When Lord Jing just started out, he said:'It is reasonable enough'. When he is more well off, and expanding his living quarters, he said:'It is complete'. When he is wealthy, and expanding his living quarters, he said:'It is fine'.
Verse 9 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子适卫，冉有仆。子曰：“庶矣哉！” 冉有曰：“既庶矣，又何加焉？”曰：“富之。” 曰：“既富矣，又何加焉？”曰：“教之。”
Modern: 孔子到卫国去，冉有驾车。孔子说：“人口真多呀！” 冉有说：“既然人口多，应该如何做呢？” 孔子答道：“使他们富有。” 冉有又问：“使他们富有后呢？” “兴学重礼，教化他们。”
English: During his trip to the State of Wei, with Ran You as the driver. Confucius commented:"What a populous state!" Ran You asked:"How can we improve on a populous state?" Confucius replied:"Make them affluent." "Made them affluent, what then?" Confucius replied:"Educate them."
Verse 10 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子曰：“苟有用我者，期月而已可也，三年有成。”
Modern: 孔子说：“如果有人肯任用我主持国家政事，一年已经可见到效果，三年可见到成就。”
English: Confucius said:"If anyone is to employ me for public office, satisfactory result can be seen in a year. Great results will be achieved in three year's time."
Verse 11 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子曰：“‘善人为邦百年，亦可以胜残去杀矣。’诚哉是言也！”
Modern: 孔子说：“‘善良的人管理国家一百年，便可以同化消弭人的残暴心理。’ 这句话诚然是对的。”
English: Confucius said:"'If an altruistic man were to run a state for a hundred years, brutality and killing could be eliminated.' How real these words are."
Verse 12 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子曰：“如有王者，必世(一)而后仁。”
Modern: 孔子说：“假如有统御天下的君主兴起，也必定需要三十年的时间才能使仁政得以推行。”
English: Confucius said:"Even a true emperor in throne would take a generation(1) for benevolence to become a reality."
Verse 13 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子曰：“苟正其身矣，于从政乎何有？不能正其身，如正人何？”
Modern: 孔子说：“如果能够使自身行为正直，那么从事政务又有什么难的呢？ 如果不能够使自身行为正直，又怎么能够纠正别人呢？”
English: Confucius said:"If a man is of good character and sets an example, what difficulty will there be for him in public office? If a man is not of good character or sets an example, what right does he have in correcting others?"
Verse 14 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 冉子退朝。子曰：“何晏也？”对曰：“有政。”子曰：“其事也，如有政，虽不吾以，吾其与闻之。”
Modern: 冉子退朝回来。孔子问：“为什么这么晚呀？” 冉子答道：“有政事要处理。” 孔子说：“大概是家事吧？如果是政事，我虽然不再朝，也会有所听闻。”
English: Ran Zi just came back from court session. Confucius asked:"Why are you late?" Ran Zi replied:" Because of official matters." Confucius commented:"Should be family matters? Were there official matters, I would get to hear of them, even though I am no longer given any office."
Verse 15 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 定公问：“一言而可以兴邦，有诸？” 孔子对曰：“言不可以若是其几也。人之言曰：‘为君难，为臣不易。’如知为君之难也，不几乎一言而兴邦乎？”
曰：“一言而丧邦，有诸？” 孔子对曰：“言不可以若是其几也。人之言曰：‘予无乐乎为君，唯其言而莫予违也。’如其善而莫之违也，不亦善乎？如不善而莫之违也，不几乎一言而丧邦乎？”
Modern: 鲁定公问：“一句话就可以使国家兴盛，有这样的事吗？” 孔子答道：“任何话都不能如此的玄妙，治理国家也不至于如此简单。 世间流传一句话，‘做君主很难，做臣子也一样不容易’。 如果知道做君主的难处，谁不期望一句话就能够让国家兴盛起来？”
鲁定公又问：“一句话就可以导致丧失国家政权，有这样的事吗？” 孔子答道：“话也同样不至于这样的危言耸听啊。一国之政不是说一句话间就可以颠覆得了的。人们常说‘我没有什么乐趣，只乐于做国君，因为国君的话，没有人敢违背啊。’ 如果他说的话好，而不作违背不也是好吗？但是，如果他的话不正确而不能违背，那么政权丧失的根源就在于此，这也不就几乎是一句话而丧失了国家吗？”
English: Duke Ding of the State of Lu asked:"Is there such a thing as a single sentence bringing about prosperity to a state?" Confucius replied:" The sentence itself does not have such effect. People says 'It is difficult to be a lord and not easy to be a subject.' If one understands the difficulty of being the lord, who would not want to have a sentence that can bring prosperity to a state."
Duke Ding continued asking:"Is there such a thing as a single sentence bringing about the loss of a state?" Confucius replied:" Similarly, a sentence itself does not have such effect. People have said that, 'There is no happiness greater than being the lord, for his words will never be resisted.' If what the lord says is correct, not resisting it would be good. But if what the lord says is not good and there is no resistance, then is it not tantamount to a single sentence bringing about the loss of a nation?"
Verse 16 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 叶公问政。子曰：“近者说，远者来。”
Modern: 叶公(一)问治国之道。孔子说：“亲敬的人感到悦服，远方的人来归附。”
English: Duke Ye(1) asked about governance.Confucius said:"Those who are close to you are pleased, those who are far away are attracted by your reputation."
Verse 17 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子夏为莒父宰，问政。子曰：“无欲速，无见小利。欲速则不达；见小利则大事不成。”
Modern: 子夏做了莒(一)父长官，问治国之道。孔子说：“办事不要贪求快捷，也不要贪求眼前的局部小利。贪求快捷，则达不到目标；只顾小利，则不能完成大事。”
English:Zi Xia was appointed head official of Ju Fu(1). He asked Confucius about governance. Confucius said:"Do not desire to get things done quickly. Do not look at small gains only. Desire to get things done quickly will not lead to attainment of goals. Looking at small gains only will prevent one from being accomplished."
Verse 18 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 叶公语孔子曰：“吾党有直躬者，其父攘羊，而子证之。”孔子曰：“吾党之直者异于是，父为子隐，子为父隐。直在其中矣。”
Modern: 叶公告诉孔子：“我故乡有个正直的人，父亲偷别人的羊，他出来指证。” 孔子说：“我故乡正直的人，跟这个人不一样；父亲替儿子隐瞒，儿子替父亲隐瞒，而正直就在其中。”
English: Duke Ye said to Confucius:"In my hometown, we have an example of an honest man. When the father stole a sheep, the son stands out to testify against him." Confucius said:"In our village, things are different. The father will cover up for the son and the son will cover up for their father. And honesty is to be found within it. "
Verse 19 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 樊迟问仁。子曰：“居处恭，执事敬，与人忠。虽之夷狄，不可弃也。”
Modern: 樊迟问仁道。孔子说：“平常居家言行恭敬，为国家做事尽心尽力，对人忠厚诚恳。即使在夷狄之地，也不可舍弃。”
English: Fan Chi asked about benevolence. Confucius said:"At home, hold yourself in a respectful manner; when serving in an official capacity, be reverent; when dealing with others be honest and sincere.
Verse 20 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子贡问曰：“何如斯可谓之士矣？”子曰：“行己有耻，使于四方，不辱君命，可谓士矣。” 曰：“敢问其次。”曰：“宗族称孝焉，乡党称弟焉。” 曰：“敢问其次。”曰：“言必信，行必果，硁硁(二)然小人哉！抑亦可以为次矣。” 曰：“今之从政者何如？”子曰：“噫！斗筲之人，何足算也”
Modern: 子贡问：“如何做才可称作为有才识修养的人呢？” 孔子答道：“行事要有羞耻之心。出使他国，不辜负国君使命。这样就能够称得上是有才德的人。” 子贡问：“比这次一等的人是什么样的？”宗族的人称赞他孝顺，故乡的人称赞他敬爱兄弟。” “比这又次一等的人是什么样的？” “说话必定有信用，行事必定有结果，虽然固执地行这两种行为；也可说是次一等的人。” 子贡问：“现在从政的人有怎么样？” “器量斗筲(一)一般的人，算得甚么？”
English: Zi Gong asked:"How can one be considered learned?" Confucius replied:"Have a sense of shame, and when sent on diplomatic mission, do not disgrace the lord. Such can be considered a learned man." "What type of person ranks next?" "Being praised for filial piety in its clan, being praised for brotherly love by villagers." "What type of person ranks next?" "A man who insists on keeping his word and seeing his actions through to the end can, perhaps, qualify to come next, even though he shows a stubborn petty-mindedness." "What do you think of those that are in public office?" Confucius said:"Oh they have such limited capacity, they hardly count."
Verse 21 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子曰：“不得中行而与之，必也狂狷乎。狂者进取，狷者有所不为也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“找不到合乎中庸之道的人，那也得找到志高狂放或拘谨保守的人。志高狂放的人，能够积极进取，保守拘谨的人能够固守信念，有所不为。”
English: Confucius said:"If one fails to find moderate character man, he should look for the undisciplined and the over-scrupulous. The former is enterprising and the latter will draw the line at certain action."
Verse 22 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子曰：“南人有言曰：‘人而无恒，不可以作巫医。’善夫！” “不恒其德或承之羞。”子曰：“不占而已矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“南方人有一句话‘人如果没有恒心，不能成为巫医。’ 这句话说得真好。” 《易经》说：“不恒其德、或承之羞。(一)” 孔子说：“不用占卜了。”
English: Confucius said:"Southerner have this saying 'Men who does not persevere, cannot be a witch doctor'. How well said indeed." The Book of Change says:"Embarrassment shall be with those that do not persevere." Confucius said:"It would be pointless to divine only."
Verse 23 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子曰：“君子和而不同，小人同而不和。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子相处谦和和敬重，能够容纳不同的见解而不盲目苟同。小人之间虽然容易取得一致，但是却不能够长久相处。”
English: Confucius said:"The gentleman is harmonious and are open-minded. The non-gentleman, can gather together easily but they do not stay together for long."
Verse 24 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子贡问曰：“乡人皆好之，何如？”子曰：“未可也。”“乡人皆恶之，何如？ ” 子曰：“未可也。不如乡人之善者好之，其不善者恶之。”
Modern: 子贡问：“同乡的人都喜欢他，怎么样？” 孔子说：“还不行。” “那同乡的人都憎恶他，怎么样？” 孔子答道：“还不行，总不如让乡中的好人喜欢，乡中的坏人憎恶。”
English: Zi Gong asked:"To be loved by everyone, what do you say?" Confucius said:" It is not enough." "To be hated by everyone, what do you say?" Confucius said:" It is not enough, it is not equal to being loved by good men and hated by those not good."
Verse 25 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子曰：“君子易事而难说也。说之不以道，不说也；及其使人也，器之。小人难事而易说也。说之虽不以道，说也；及其使人也，求备焉。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子容易相处，但是难以取得他的喜欢。用不合乎道义的行为取悦他，他是不会高兴的。他使用人时，重视德才。小人难于伺候，但容易取得他的喜欢。虽然是以不合乎道义的行为讨好他，使他高兴。他使用人时，总要求别人是个完备的人。
English: Confucius said:"The gentleman is easy to serve but difficult to please. Please him in ways that does not follow moral code, he will not be happy. When he employs people, he values abilities. Non-gentleman is easy to please but difficult to serve. He can be pleased even with method that goes against moral code. When he employs people, he values all-round perfection."
Verse 25 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子曰：“君子泰而不骄，小人骄而不泰。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子处之泰然，却不骄傲。小人骄傲，但不能安适自处。”
English: Confucius said:" The gentleman is at peace with himself but not arrogant. The non-gentleman is arrogant but never at peace with himself."
Verse 27 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子曰：“刚、毅、木、讷近仁。”
Modern: 孔子说：“刚强、坚毅、朴实、言谨，有这四种品德的人接近仁人。”
English: Confucius said:"Resoluteness, persistence, simplicity and cautious in speech. Whoever have all these attributes are close to benevolence."
Verse 28 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子路问曰：“何如斯可谓之士矣？”子曰：“切切偲偲，怡怡如也，可谓士矣。朋友切切偲偲，兄弟怡怡。”
Modern: 子路问：“怎么样才可称得上是读书人？” 孔子说：“恳切、督勉、和悦，如此可称为有修养的人。也就是说，朋友之间互相规劝，互相督促，兄弟之间和睦相处
English: Zi Lu asked:"How can one be called a learned man?" Confucius replied:"Sincere, exhortation, amicability. Sincere and exhortation among friends and amicability among friends."
Verse 29 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子曰：“善人教民七年，亦可以即戎矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“善人在位，教民七年，也可使他们上战场。”
English: Confucius said:"After an altruistic man has educated the common people for seven years, they should be ready to take up arms."
Verse 30 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 13
Original: 子曰：“以不教民战，是谓弃之。”
Modern: 孔子说：“用没有经过训练的人民作战，等于是舍弃他们。”
English: Confucius said:"To send people to war without training is as good as abandoning them."
Chapter 14, 宪问
Verse 1 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 宪问耻。子曰：“邦有道，谷；邦无道，谷；耻也。”
Modern: 原宪(一)问羞耻。孔子说：“国家政治清明时，领取俸禄而无所作为；国家动乱时攫(jué)取俸禄，而不做有益的事。这都是可耻的。”
English: Yuan Xian(1) asked about shame. Confucius said:"When the state is properly run, one still receive salary without any having results; When the state is in disorder, and one still receive salary without doing anything beneficial to the state. Both situations are deemed as shameful."
Verse 2 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: “克、伐、怨、欲不行焉，可以为仁矣？” 子曰：“可以为难矣，仁则吾不知也。”
Modern: “好生、自夸、怨怼(duì)、贪心的毛病不曾有过，可以说是仁德吗？” 孔子说：“这是难能可贵的，但是，是否可以说是仁德，我就不知道了。”
English: "Compulsion to win, boastful, harbor grudges, covetous,if anyone does not have the above behavior, can he be considered benevolent?" Confucius said:"To have all these is difficult, as for whether one can be considered benevolent because of lack of these behavior, I have no answer for it."
Verse 3 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“士而怀居，不足以为士矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“读书人如果只关心生活安逸，便不配称作读书人。”
English: Confucius said:"A learned man who is only concerned about how comfortable his life is, cannot be called a learned man."
Verse 4 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“邦有道，危言危行；邦无道，危行言孙。”
Modern: 孔子说：“国家政治清明，语言正直，行为正派。国家政治昏庸，行为端正，说话谦虚。”
English: Confucius said:"When the state is running properly, be truthful in you words, and act in proper manner. When the state is in disorder, act in proper manner but be cautious in speech."
Verse 5 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“有德者必有言，有言者不必有德。仁者必有勇，勇者不必有仁。”
Modern: 孔子说：“有品德的人，说到做到，而说到做到的人，不一定有品德。有仁德的人，必定有勇气，但有勇气的人，不一定有仁德。”
English: Confucius said:"A virtuous person, acts on his promise but a person who acts on his promise may not be virtuous. A person who is benevolent may have courage, but a person who have courage may not be benevolent."
Verse 6 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 南宫适问于孔子曰：“羿善射，奡荡舟，俱不得其死然。禹、稷躬稼而有天下。”夫子不答。南宫适出，子曰：“君子哉若人！尚德哉若人！”
Modern: 南宫适(一)请教孔子，问：“后羿善于射箭，奡(ào)(二)善于水战，但却都不能得到好结果。帝禹和后稷(三)亲身教民耕稼，却的天下。” 孔子没有回答。南宫适走出后，孔子说：“这个人真是君子！这个人真崇尚品德。”
English: Nan Gong Shi(1) consulted Confucius, saying:"Hou Yi(2) was good in archery. Ao(3) was good in water battles, but both died untimely death. Yu(4) and Ji(5) involved themselves in agriculture, and they gained the kingdom." Confucius did not comment. Nan Gong Shi left. Confucius said:"This man is a gentleman. He has high regards for virtue indeed."
Verse 7 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“君子而不仁者有矣夫，未有小人而仁者也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子也可能做出不够仁义的事情来。但是小人却从来都没有仁德的时候。”
English: Confucius said:"There are times when the gentleman is not benevolent, but the non-gentleman is never benevolent."
Verse 8 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“爱之，能勿劳乎？忠焉，能勿诲乎？”
Modern: 孔子说：“爱他，怎么能不让他经过劳苦的磨练？忠心的人，能不教诲吗？”
English: Confucius said:"Can you love anyone without putting him through hard work? Can you not teach and improve a person loyal to you?"
Verse 9 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“为命，裨谌草创之，世叔讨论之，行人子羽修饰之，东里子产润色之。”
Modern: 孔子说：“制定外交文件，裨谌(bì chén)(一)负责起草，世叔(一)负责审核，外交官子羽(一)负责修饰，然后交给住在东里(二)的子产(三)进行修辞加工。”
English: Confucius said:"In making the state documents, Bi Chen(1) will do the draft, Shi Shu(1) will check and comment upon it. Zi Yu(1) will then improved upon it and Zi Chan(2) from Dong Li(3) will edit it."
Verse 10 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 或问子产。子曰：“惠人也。” 问子西。曰：“彼哉！彼哉！” 问管仲。曰：“人也。夺伯氏骈邑三百，饭疏食，没齿无怨言。”
Modern: 有人问及子产(一)。孔子说：“他是对民有恩惠的人。” 有人问及子西(二)。孔子说：“他吗？他吗？” 有人问及管仲(三)。孔子说：“管仲这个人呀！没收伯氏(四)骈邑(五)三百户；伯氏只得吃粗饭，但他至死也没有怨言。”
English: Someone asked about Zi Chan{{fn(1)}. Confucius said:"He is generous towards people." When asked about Zi Xi{{fn(2)}, Confucius said:"Him? Him?" When asked about Guan Zhong{{fn(3)}. Confucius said:"What a man! He confiscated three hundred families of Bo's{{fn(4)} Pien Yi{{fn(5)}. Despite being reduced to simple meals because of this, Bo had no complaints during his lifetime."
Verse 11 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“贫而无怨难，富而无骄易。”
Modern: 孔子说：“贫穷而心理不产生怨念是很难得。富贵而不骄横淫逸则较容易。
English: Confucius said:"Poor and without complain is difficult, rich and without arrogance is relative easier."
Verse 12 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“孟公绰为赵、魏老则优，不可以为滕、薛大夫。”
Modern: 孔子说:"孟公绰(一)作为赵、魏(二)之家的家臣，是绰绰有余。但是让他作滕、薛(三)等小国的官员，其才干则是不足以胜任。”
English: Confucius said：“Meng Gong Zhuo(1) would excel as an official to the family of Zhao or Wei(2), but he would not be if he is an official of states similar to State of Teng(3) or State of Xue(3)."
Verse 13 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子路问成人。子曰：“若臧武仲之知，公绰之不欲，卞庄子之勇，冉求文艺，文之以礼乐，亦可以为成人矣。”曰：“今之成人者何必然？见利思义，见危授命，久要不忘平生之言，亦可以为成人矣。”
Modern: 子路问怎么样才算是完美的人。孔子说：“像臧武仲(一)一样聪明，像公绰(二)一样不贪心，像卞庄子(一)一样勇敢，像冉求一样多才多艺；藉礼仪音乐来增添文采，就可以算是俄完美的人了。” 孔子继续道：“现在完美的人不一定这样。看见利益，便思量着义理；看见他人遇到危险，便思量着牺牲自己性命；不会忘记平生承诺；也就可以算是完美的人。”
English: Zi Lu(1) asked about accomplished man. Confucius said:" Have wisdom of Zang Wu Zhong(2), uncovetousness of Gong Chuo(3), courage of Bian Zhuang Zi(2) and skills of Ran Qiu(1). Refine all these characters with rites and music, then one can call himself an accomplished man." Confucius continued:" But nowadays, the accomplished man may not fit the definition. If a man thinks of righteousness where he sees profits, risks his life where he sees other being endangered, and does not forget promises, he can be considered an accomplished man as well."
Verse 14 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子问公叔文子于公明贾曰：“信乎，夫子不言，不笑，不取乎？” 公明贾对曰：“以告者过也。夫子时然后言，人不厌其言；乐然后笑，人不厌其笑；义然后取，人不厌其取。” 子曰：“其然？岂其然乎？”
Modern: 孔子向公明贾(一)问公叔文子(二)的为人。孔子说：“确实是这样的吗？他轻易不说什么、喜怒不形于色、不拿取不属于自己的东西？” 公明贾答道：“这是告诉你的人说话过头了。他这个人总是到应该说话的时候才说话，别人不厌恶他的话。发乎内心的高兴然后喜笑颜开，别人就不讨厌他的笑容。所取必然合乎道义才拿取，别人自然就不嫉恨他拿取。” 孔子说：“这样呀，难道真的是这样吗？”
English: Confucius asked Gong Ming Jia(1) about Gong Shu Wen Zi(2). Confucius said:" Is it true that he does not speak, smile and take anything that does not belogn to him?" Gong Ming Jia said:"Those who say so have exaggerated. He speaks when it is timely, thus people do not resent what he says. He smiles when he is genuinely happy, thus people do not resent his smiling. He takes only when it is right, thus people do not resent his takings." Confucius said:"Is that indeed how he was?"
Verse 15 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“臧武仲以防求为后于鲁，虽曰不要君，吾不信也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“臧武仲(一)犯罪逃到自己的封地防去据守避难，并要求鲁君封其后人为继承人。虽然他嘴上说不是要挟国君，我才不相信呢。”
English: Confucius said:"Zang Wu Zhong(1), after committing a sin, fled to his feudal community, Fang, and sought to establish his line of succession with Lord of State of Lu. Although he said he is not blackmailing the lord, I do not believe so."
Verse 16 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“晋文公谲而不正，齐桓公正而不谲。”
Modern: 孔子说：“晋文公诡诈而不正直，齐桓公正直而不诡诈。
English: Confucius said:"Duke Wen of State of Jin is scheming and not upright. Duke Huan of State of Qi is upright and not scheming."
Verse 17 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子路曰：“桓公杀公子纠，召忽死之，管仲不死。”曰：“未仁乎？”子曰：“桓公九合诸侯，不以兵车，管仲之力也。如其仁！如其仁！”
Modern: 子路说：“齐桓公杀死公子纠(一)，召忽(二)为此而死，但管仲(三)却没有因此而死。”又说：“管仲不够仁德吗？” 孔子说：“桓公多次会合诸侯，却不必动用武力，全赖管仲；这正是他仁德之处，这正是他仁德之处呀！”
English: Zi Lu asked:"Duke Huan of State of Qi killed Lord Jiu(1) and Zhao Hu(2) died with his lord but Guan Zhong(3) did not." Zi Lu added:"So is Guan Zhong benevolent?" Confucius said:"It was through the capabilities of Guan Zhong that Duke Huan was able to unite the lords many a times without using military force. Such is a show of benevolence. Such is a show of benevolence."
Verse 18 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子贡曰：“管仲非仁者与？桓公杀公子纠，不能死，又相之。”子曰：“管仲相桓公，霸诸侯，一匡天下，民到于今受其赐。微管仲，吾其被发左衽(二)矣。岂若匹夫匹妇之为谅也，自经于沟渎而莫之知也。”
Modern: 子贡说：“管仲(一)应该算是没有仁德吧？齐桓公杀死公子纠，他不但没有为此而死，反而辅助桓公。” 孔子说：“管仲辅助齐桓公，统一天下，人民至今仍然受惠。假使没有管仲，我们都要披头散发，衣襟向左开。管仲不像平民那样执著于小节，以致在山沟中自杀也没人知。”
English: Zi Gong said:"Can Guan Zhong(1) really be considered benevolent? Because instead of following his lord to death, when Duke Huan of State of Qi killed Lord Jiu, he assisted Duke Huan." Confucius said:"When Guan Zhong assisted Duke Huan, Duke Huan was able to reconcile all the other lords and achieve hegemony. And the people are still benefiting from it. If it were not for Guan Zhong, our hair would be in a mess and our robes folded to the left(2). Guan Zhong is unlike average man or woman who only look at the immediate state of things, commit suicide and died without anyone knowing."
Verse 19 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 公叔文子之臣大夫僎与文子同升诸公。子闻之，曰：“可以为‘文’矣！”
Modern: 公叔文子(一)的家臣僎跟文子一同升为大臣。孔子听见，说：“文子可以用‘文’(二)为谥号。”
English: Zhuan, an official in the family of Gong Shu Wen Zi(1) was promoted along with Wen Zi. Hearing of it, Confucius said:"Indeed he deserve the posthumous title of 'Wen'(2)."
Verse 20 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子言卫灵公之无道也，康子曰：“夫如是，奚而不丧？”孔子曰：“仲叔圉治宾客，祝鮀治宗庙，王孙贾治军旅。夫如是，奚其丧？”
Modern: 孔子说：“卫灵公昏庸无道。” 康子说：“既然是这样，为什么没有失去君位呢？” 孔子说：“仲叔圉(一)办理外交，祝鮀(二): 治理宗庙，王孙贾治理军队。既然这样，卫灵公又怎么会失去君位呢？”
English: Confucius said:"Duke Ling of State of Wei is so fatuous." Kang Zi said:"If he is fatuous, how come he has not lost his position of power?" Confucius said:"Having Zhong Shu Yu(1) to manage diplomatic matters, Zhu Tuo(2) to manage the ancestral temple, Wang Sun Jia to manage the army, how can Duke Ling lose his position?"
Verse 21 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“其言之不怍，则为之也难。”
Modern: 孔子说：“说大话而不惭愧，让他做起来就会觉得很难了。”
English: Confucius said:"A man can speak without feeling guilty but his actions on what he speaks would be difficult."
Verse 22 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 陈成子弑简公。孔子沐浴而朝，告于哀公曰：“陈恒弑其君，请讨之。”公曰：“告夫三子。” 孔子曰：“以吾从大夫之后，不敢不告也。君曰‘告夫三子’者。” 之三子告，不可。孔子曰：“以吾从大夫之告，不敢不告也。”
Modern: 陈成子(一)弑杀简公(二)。孔子沐浴后上朝，向鲁哀公报告说：“陈恒弑杀其君，请出兵讨伐。” 哀公说：“向孟孙、叔孙、季孙三人报告吧！” 孔子说：“因为我曾经跟在官员后面，所以不敢不报告。君主说：‘向孟孙、叔孙、季孙(三)三人报告吧！’” 孔子向三人报告，他们不应允。孔子说：“因为我曾经跟在官员后面，所以不敢不报告。”
English: Chen Chen Zi(1) had Duke Jian of State of Qi assassinated. Confucius cleansed himself before attending court. Reporting to Duke Ai of State of Lu, he said:"Chen Heng has assassinated his lord. I asked that we send troops to punish him." Duke Ai said:"Report it to the three families(2)." Confucius said:"Following as I do in the footsteps of officials, I dared not withhold my report. Yet my lord said:'Report it to the three families.'" The report was made, but to no avail. Confucius said:"Following as I do in the footsteps of officials, I dared not withhold my report."
Verse 23 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子路问事君。子曰：“勿欺也，而犯之。”
Modern: 子路问侍奉君主之道。孔子说：“不能存心欺骗，但可以犯颜谏劝。”
English: Zi Lu asked about serving the lord. Confucius said:"Do not deceive, but offend when giving advice."
Verse 24 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“君子上达，小人下达。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子通达高深道理，小人通达小利。”
English: Confucius said:"The gentleman comprehends knowledge that has depth while the non-gentleman comprehends only small benefits."
Verse 25 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“古之学者为己，今之学者为人。”
Modern: 孔子说：“以前的人做学问是为了充实自己；现代的人做学问是为了名与利。”
English: Confucius said:"In ancient times, people study for themselves. Now people study for fame and acknowledgement."
Verse 26 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 蘧伯玉使人于孔子，孔子与之坐而问焉，曰：“夫子何为？”对曰：“夫子欲寡其过而未能也。” 使者出，子曰：“使乎！使乎！”
Modern: 蘧(qú)伯玉(一)派人去看望孔子。孔子请使者坐下，然后问他，说：“夫子近来做什么？” 使者答道：“夫子想减少过错，但却不能做到。” 使者离去后，孔子说：“有这样的使者，可见其主人之德。这才是真正的使者。”
English: Qu Bo Yu(1) send a messenger to Confucius. Confucius asked the messenger to be seated and said:"How is your lord?" The messenger replied:"My lord wish to minimise his mistakes made, but without success." When the messenger left, Confucius commented:"From his messenger, we can see how virtuous his lord is. What a messenger indeed."
Verse 27 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“不在其位，不谋其政。”
Modern: 孔子说：“不处在那个位子，就不谋划有关的事务。”
English: Confucius said:"When not in a position, do not be involved with the affairs of the position."
Verse 28 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 曾子曰：“君子思不出其位。”
Modern: 曾子说：“君子所谋划的事情决不超越他的职责之外。”
English: Zeng Zi said:"A gentleman does not think about what is outside his official position."
Verse 29 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“君子耻其言而过其行。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子以言过其实为耻。”
English: Confucius said:"A gentleman is ashamed if his words does not match his actions."
Verse 30 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“君子道者三，我无能焉：仁者不忧，知者不惑，勇者不惧。” 子贡曰：“夫子自道也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子之道有三，而我却还没有做到。有仁德不会忧虑，有智慧不会困惑，有勇气不会畏惧。” 子贡说：“老师不是在自述吗？”
English: Confucius said："The way of the gentleman has three aspects which I am incapable of; with benevolence there is no worries, with wisdom there is no doubts, with courage there is no fears." Zi Gong said:"Is it not the Master is describing himself?"
Verse 31 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子贡方人。子曰：“赐也，贤乎哉？夫我则不暇。”
Modern: 子贡品评人。孔子说：“端木赐(一)可真贤良！是我，恐怕没有这闲工夫。”
English: Zi Gong was grading people. Confucius said:"How virtuous Duan Mu Chi is(1). As for me, I do not have time for it."
Verse 32 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“不患人之不己知，患其不能也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“不必担心别人不欣赏你，只担心自己没有才能。”
English: Confucius said:"Do not be concerned about others not appreciating you. Be concerned about whether you have the talents."
Verse 33 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“不逆诈，不亿不信，抑亦先觉者，是贤乎！”
Modern: 孔子说：“不预先怀疑别人的欺诈，不揣测别人会不会守信用；却仍然预先察觉出来，算得上贤良。”
English: Confucius said:"Without unduly anticipating deceit, without suspecting distrust, and yet able to sense them, such a person can be considered virtuous."
Verse 34 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 微生亩谓孔子曰：“丘何为是栖栖者与？无乃为佞乎？”孔子曰：“非敢为佞也，疾固也。”
Modern: 微生亩对孔子说：“孔丘，你为何匆匆忙忙？何必计较与言辞的智巧善辩呢？” 孔子答道：“不是我敢于巧辩， 而是执著于一而不融通的原因。”
English: Wei Sheng Mu said to Confucius:"Why are you always in a hurry? Why do you worry about all these arguments?" Confucius said:"I am not concern about the arguments, just that I hold on to a strong belief."
Verse 35 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“骥(jì)(一)不称其力，称其德也！”
Modern: 孔子说：“好马不是以其力量所称道，而是因为它的温驯天性而被人喜爱。”
English: Confucius said:"A good horse is not known for its speed but for its finer qualities."
Verse 36 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 或曰：“以德报怨，何如？”子曰：“何以报德？以直报怨，以德报德。”
Modern: 有人问：“怎么样用恩德回报怨恨？” 孔子说：“那用什么回报恩德呢？应该以正直回报怨恨，以恩德回报恩德。”
English: Someone asked:"How can one repay a disservice with a good turn?" Confucius said:"Then how should one repay a good turn? Repay a disservice in a justifiable and righteous manner, and repay a good turn with another good turn."
Verse 37 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“莫我知也夫！”子贡曰：“何为其莫如知子也？”子曰：“不怨天，不尤人，下学而上达。知我者其天乎！”
Modern: 孔子说：“没有人了解我。” 子贡说：“为甚么没有人了解老师？” 孔子说：“不埋怨上天，不责怪别人，从低处学起，通达高深道理。只有上天了解我。”
English: Confucius said:"No one understands me." Zi Gong asked:"Why is there none who understand you, Teacher?" Confucius replied:"I do not complain against heaven, I do not accuse man. I learn from basic and comprehend what is complex. It is heaven that understands me."
Verse 38 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 公伯寮愬(sù)子路于季孙。子服景伯以告，曰：“夫子固有惑志于公伯寮，吾力犹能肆诸市朝。” 子曰：“道之将行也与，命也；道之将废也与，命也。公伯寮其如命何！”
Modern: 公伯寮(一)向季孙毁谤子路。子服景伯(二)把事件告诉孔子，说：“季孙固然有受困惑心志的时候，但我仍然有力量让公伯寮横尸街头。” 孔子说：“若大道将要胜行，是天命。若大道将要废除，也是天命。公伯寮又能对天命怎么样？”
English: Gong Bo Liao(1) was slandering Zi Lu in front of Ji Sun. Zi Fu Jing Bo(2) reported this and said:"Ji Sun may at times be deluded by Gong Bo Liao, but I have means to put him to death." Confucius said:" If the Way persist, it is heaven's will. If the Way is abandoned, it is heaven's will as well. Can Gong Bo Liao go against heaven's will?"
Verse 39 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“贤者辟世，其次辟地，其次辟色，其次辟言。”
Modern: 孔子说：“大贤隐避乱世，其次则离开战乱的国家，再次则避免暴露自己的想法的容色，最低的也避免流露出自己真实的言辞。”
English: Confucius said:"The virtuous will shun the chaotic world, then chaotic countries, then shun from showing his thoughts and expression and lastly shun from telling the whole truth that can result in unthinkable consequences."
Verse 40 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“作者七人矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“有七个人做到。”
English: Confucius said:"There are seven people who have done so."
Verse 41 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子路宿于石门。晨门曰：“奚自？”子路曰：“自孔氏。”曰： “是知其不可而为之者与？”
Modern: 子路在石门露宿一夜。看门的人问他：“你从哪里来？” 子路答：“师从孔夫子。” 看门的说：“是明知道其事不可以做，而仍然做的那个？”
English: Zi Lu stayed for a night at Stone Gate. The morning gate-keeper asked:"From where do you come?" Zi Lu said:"From the Kong's house." The gate keeper said:"Oh the one who knows that it is impossible and yet attempts to do it."
Verse 42 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子击磬于卫，有荷蒉而过孔氏之门者，曰：“有心哉，击磬乎！”既而曰：“鄙哉，硁硁乎，莫己知也，斯己而已矣。深则厉，浅则揭。” 子曰：“果哉！末之难矣。”
Modern: 孔子在卫国击磬(一)，一个担着草篮的人经过孔子门前，说：“击磬的人，是个有心人。” 又说：“多么鄙陋！硁硁的声音。没有人欣赏自己，就罢休算了。「深则厉，浅则揭。」(二)” 孔子说：“如果可以这么果断，便不会有困难了。”
English: When Confucius is playing the Qing(1) in State of Wei, a man carrying a basket passed by Confucius' door. He commented:"The player is playing with his feelings and sincerity indeed." He continued saying,"How crude for the Qing to continue. If he knew better he would have stop. 'When the water is deep, swim across. When the water is shallow, lift up the hem and cross.'(2)" Confucius said:"If such decisiveness can be easily achieved, there would not be any problem."
Verse 43 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子张曰：“书云，‘高宗谅阴，三年不言。’何谓也？”子曰：“何必高宗，古之人皆然。君薨，百官总己以听于冢宰，三年。”
Modern: 子张说：“《尚书》说：‘高宗(一)谅阴，三年不言。’ 是甚么意思？” 孔子说：“ 不仅是高宗，古代的人都是。君主逝世后三年内，所有官员都听命于冢宰。(二)”
English: Zi Zhang said:"In The Book, it says:'Gao Zhong(1) was in Liang Yin for three years without speaking.' Why was this so?" Confucius said:"Not only during the time of Gao Zhong, since ancient times, when a lord dies, officials have to submit themselves and listen to the Zhong Zai(2) for three years."
Verse 44 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子曰：“上好礼，则民易使也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“高居在执政地位的人崇尚礼仪，则百姓容易治理。”
English: Confucius said:"When those of higher authority are devoted to rites, it would easier to manage those those below."
Verse 45 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 子路问君子。子曰：“修己以敬。” 曰：“如斯而已乎？”曰：“修己以安人。” 曰：“如斯而已乎？”曰：“修己以安百姓。修己以安百姓，尧、舜其犹病诸。”
Modern: 子路问君子之道。孔子说：“提高自己的修养，而对人敬重。” “这样就够了吗？” “提高自己的修养，而使人安逸。” “这样就够了吗？” 孔子说：“提高自己的修养，而使百姓安逸。提高自己的修养，而使百姓安逸，就是帝尧帝舜也没有做到。”
English: Zi Lu asked about being a gentleman. Confucius said:"Cultivate yourself and treat people with respect." "Is that enough?" "Cultivate yourself and put individuals at ease." "Is that enough?" Confucius replied:"Cultivate yourself to people at ease. This is something even Yao(1) and Shun(1) found it difficult to do so."
Verse 46 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 原壤夷俟。子曰：“幼而不孙弟，长而无述焉，老而不死，是为贼。”以杖叩其胫。
Modern: 原壤(一)随意蹲坐着等候孔子。孔子说：“少时，不谦逊，不敬爱兄弟，长大后，没有可以称述的地方，年老了又不死去，真是害人。” 孔子以手杖敲他小腿。
English: Yuan Rang was waiting and squatting at ease. Confucius said:"When young, behave without humility and does not show brotherly love. When grown up, did nothing commendable. When old, still cheating death. What a menace!" Confucius tapped Yuan Rang's small thigh with his stick.
Verse 47 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 14
Original: 阙党童子将命。或问之曰：“益者与？”子曰：“吾见其居于位也，见其与先生并行也，非求益者也，欲速成者也。”
Modern: 阙党一个孩子来传达消息。有人问：“他有所进益吗？” 孔子说：“我看见他坐在成年人的位置，又看见他跟长辈并肩走路。他不求进益，只希望尽快取得成就。”
English: An errand boy from Que Tang came to pass a message to Confucius. Someone asked:" Is he improving?" Confucius said:"I have seen him in a chair designated for adults. I have seen him walking alongside his seniors. He does not look to improve, just want to achieve results hastily."