论语 Analects of Confucius II

Chapter 7, 述而
Verse 1 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“述而不作，信而好古，窃比于我老彭。”
Modern: 孔子说：“我只是阐述前人成说，并没有创建新的理论，以虔诚的态度深信而且喜爱古代文化，只是力求像老子和彭祖(一)那样谨慎的做着延续传承古代文化精华的工作。”
English: Confucius said:"To relate and not to invent, devoted and love antiquity, I strive to be like Lao Zi and Peng Zhu(1), to pass down the essence of ancient works."
Verse 2 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉?”
Modern: 孔子说：“默默的认识事物，学习却不感到厌烦，教诲别人却不感到厌倦，这些品德我做到了哪些？”
English: Confucius said:"To gain knowledge bit by bit, to learn without losing interest, to teach others without being fustrated, how many of this have I carried out?"
Verse 3 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“德之不修，学之不讲，闻义不能徙，不善不能改，是吾忧也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“品德修养不能长期坚持，学习不能持之以恒，听到正义的呼声不能伸张，不好的行为不能改正，这些都是我深深感到忧虑的。”
English: Confucius said:"Virtue not cultivated, learning not expounded, not able to uphold righteousness when the situation arise, not able to correct what is wrong, these are conduct that worries me."
Verse 4 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子之燕居，申申如也，夭夭如也。
Modern: 孔子在日常生活中神态总是保持安详、快乐。
English: Confucius always remain sedate and tranquil.
Verse 5 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“甚矣吾衰也！久矣吾不复梦见周公！”
Modern: 孔子说：“我实在太衰老了。已经很久没梦见周公了！”
English: Confucius said:"How weak I have become. It has been a long time since I met Emperor Zhou in my dreams."
Verse 6 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺。”
Modern: 孔子说：“立志遵行与道，处事根据道德，依据仁道，知晓各种技艺(一)。”
English: Confucius said:"Stick strictly to the Way, align with virtue and abide by benevolence in handing matters, and immerse in the six arts(1)."
Verse 7 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“自行束脩以上，吾未尝无诲焉。”
Modern: 孔子说：“即使只预备了一束干肉的人，我从来没有不教诲。”
English: Confucius said:"I have yet turned away anyone who comes with gifts as small as a bundle of dried meat."
Verse 8 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“不愤不启，不悱不发，举一隅不以三隅(一)反，则不复也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“不到想要求得明白而不得要领的时候，不去开导。不等到他想说而说不出来的时候，就不启发他。交给他一个侧面的知识，不能类推理解到其他方面，我就暂时不教给他新的东西，直到他对已学的知识融会贯通。
English: Confucius said:"I never enlighten anyone who has not been driven to desperation by trying to understand a difficulty or who has not got into a frenzy trying to put his ideas into words. When I have presented one point of a subject and he cannot from it, learn the other three, I do not repeat my lesson, until he is able to."
Verse 9 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子食于有丧者之侧，未尝饱也。子于是日哭，则不歌。
Modern: 孔子跟服丧的人吃饭时，从来不吃饱。孔子在这天为吊丧哀哭过，就不唱歌。
English: When Confucius is eating with a mourner, he never satiated himself. On that day, Confucius would weep and do not sing.
Verse 10 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子谓颜渊曰：“用之则行，舍之则藏，惟我与尔有是夫！”子路曰：“子行三军，则谁与？”子曰：“暴虎冯河，死而无悔者，吾不与也。必也临事而惧，好谋而成者也。”
Modern: 孔子对颜渊说：“得到国家任用，我就推行我的政治主张；不得任用，我就退隐静处，远避世事；只有我和你能够做到这样。” 子路问：“先生如果统帅军队，谁可以跟您共事？” 孔子答道：“徒手跟猛虎搏斗，徒步涉水渡河，就是死去也不后悔；这种人我不会和他共事。跟我共事的人，遇事必定战战兢兢，善用计谋，而又能够完成任务。”
English: Confucius said to Yan Yuan:" Only you and I have the ability to go forward when employed and to stay out of sight when set aside." Zi Lu asked:"If you are leading a war expedition, who would you take with?" Confucius replied:" Not one that would try to fight a tiger with bare hands or try to wade across a river without aid or has no regrets dying during the expedition. I would take anyone who , when faced with task, does meticulous planning and devise plots, and is capable of successful expedition."
Verse 11 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“富而可求也，虽执鞭之士，吾亦为之。如不可求，从吾所好。”
Modern: 孔子说：“财富的取得如果是合乎义理道德的，即使是替别人执鞭、守门的下等差役，我也去做。如果取得的方法不合乎义理道德，我宁愿舍弃它，去做自己所爱的事。”
English: Confucius said:"If riches could be acquired without contradicting morals and ethics, even if I am required to hold a lowly position, I would still do it. If riches are obtained using immoral or unethical ways, I would rather do what I love."
Verse 12 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子之所慎：斋，战，疾。
Modern: 孔子认为应该谨慎处理三件事：斋祭，征伐和疾病。
English: Confucius thinks prudency must be exercised on three things. They are abstinence, war and illness.
Verse 13 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子在齐闻《韶》，三月不知肉味，曰：“不图为乐之至于斯也！”
Modern: 孔子在齐国听到《韶》(一)乐，沉浸在其优美的音律中，以至有三个月的时间，吃饭时不曾感到肉的滋味。孔子说：“想不到音乐能够美妙到如此神妙的境界！”
English: While in State of Qi, Confucius heard the Shao(1) music, he was so engrossed in it that he did not know the taste of meat. Confucius commented:"I have never imagined that music can attained such a height."
Verse 14 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 冉有曰：“夫子为卫君乎？”子贡曰：“诺，吾将问之入，曰：“伯夷，叔齐何人也？”曰：“古之贤人也。”曰：“怨乎？”曰：“求仁而得仁，又何怨？”出，曰：“夫子不为也。”
Modern: 冉有曰：“老师会帮助卫君吗？” 子贡曰：“好，我去问他。” 子贡走进屋见孔子，问道：“伯夷，叔齐(一)是什么样的人？” 孔子回答：“他们是古代的贤德之士。”子贡又问：“他们心中会有悔恨吗？” 孔子曰：“他们所求的是仁，也终于得到了仁，怎么会有悔恨呢？” 子贡走出来，曰：“老师是不会帮助卫君的。”
English: Ran You asked:"Is Master going to take up public office in the State of Wei?" Zi Gong said:"Let me go and ask him." Zi Gong entered the room, saw Confucius and asked him:"What sort of men are Bo Yi and Shu Qi(1)?" Confucius replied:" They are men of virtues." Zi Gong asked:"Do you think they have grouses?" Confucius replied:"They sought to act benevolent and indeed they did so. So why would they have grouses." Zi Gong walked out and said:"Master would not take up public office."
Verse 15 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“饭疏食，饮水，曲肱而枕之，乐亦在其中矣。不义而富且贵，于我如浮云。”
Modern: 孔子说：“吃粗饭，喝清水，弯着胳膊当枕头，但是心地从容安然，乐趣也就在其中了。用不正当的手段得来的财富和地位，在我看来，这就像浮云一样虚缈。”
English: Confucius said:"Simple meals, plain water to drink, elbow for pillow; happiness can be found within. Wealth and position obtained by unrighteous means are to me, floating clouds."
Verse 16 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“加我数年，五十以学《易》，可以无大过矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“假如让我年轻数年时间，五十岁开始研究《易经》，就可以没有大过失了。”
English: Confucius said:"Give me a few more years, such that I am able to study the 'Book of Change' at the age of fifty, I would have avoided major mistakes."
Verse 17 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子所雅言:《诗》、《书》、执礼，皆雅言也。
Modern: 孔子在诵读《诗》、《书》、执赞礼仪的时候都是用标准规范的语言。
English: When Confucius used the correct pronunciation for: the Book of Odes, the Book of History and the performance of the rites. In all these cases he used the correct pronunciation.
Verse 18 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 叶公问孔子于子路，子路不对。子曰：“女奚不曰，其为人也，发愤忘食，乐以忘忧，不知老之将至云尔。”
Modern: 叶公(一)问子路关于孔子为人。子路一时不知该如何回答。孔子曰：“你为何不这样说：他这个人，一发奋用功就忘记吃饭，内心一快乐就忘记所有忧愁，连自己快老了都不知道呢。”
English: Ye Gong asked Zi Lu about Confucius. Zi Lu could not reply. Confucius said:" You should have said:'He is a man whose determination makes him forget to eat, whose happiness makes him forget his sorrows, and does not know age has caught up with him."
Verse 19 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“我并非生来就有知识、深明义理，只是喜欢古老文化，孜孜而学，努力探求深奥的学问和隐藏在事物内部的义理。
English: Confucius said:"I was not born knowledgeable.It is just that I am devoted to antiquity and quick to seek it."
Verse 20 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子不语怪、力、乱、神。
Modern: 孔子语言谨慎，从来不谈论怪异之事、恃勇逞力之人、忤逆祸乱之术、荒谬无稽的鬼神论。
English: Confucius is very careful with words, he does not talk about strange happenings, people who go around bullying people, issues that may create chaos, and superstitions and gods.
Verse 21 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉：择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”
Modern: 孔子说：“三个人在一起，必然有我所可以学习的方面；选择他们的长处学习，将他们的不足引以为戒，作为鉴戒而改正。
English: Confucius said:"In a group of three people, there is always something I can learn from. Choose to follow the strengths of others, use the shortcomings to reflect upon ourselves."
Verse 22 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“天生德于予，桓魋其如予何！”
Modern: 孔子说：“上天赋予我如此的德行，桓魋(一)又能把我怎么样？”
English: Confucius said:"My virtue was given by heaven, what can Heng Tui(1) do to me?"
Verse 23 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“二三子以我为隐乎？吾无隐乎尔。吾无行而不与二三子者，是丘也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“你们几位学生认为我有所隐瞒，没有悉心教诲？我没有什么好隐瞒的。我无法躬身践行，我不会教诲与你们，这就是我的为人。”
English: Confucius said:" You all think that I have things to hide from you? I do not have anything to hide. If I myself cannot set an example, I would not impart to you. This is my character."
Verse 24 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子以四教：文，行，忠，信。
Modern: 孔子从四个方面教育学生:历代经典文献，道德品行，忠心耿耿，与人交际诚信笃实。
English: The four teachings of Confucius: Literature, Moral and Ethics, Loyalty, Trustworthiness.
Verse 25 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“圣人，吾不得而见之矣；得见君子者，斯可矣。”子曰：“善人，吾不得而见之矣；得见有恒者，斯可矣。亡而为有，虚而为盈，约而为泰，难乎有恒乎。”
Modern: 孔子说：“圣人，我没缘份见到；那么能够见到才德出众的君子，也是值得高兴。”又说：“善人，我没缘份见到；那么见到固守德操的人，也就心满意足。然而世间尽多的是伪善之人；缺少德能装作德高望重、无实学却炫耀自己博学多识、穷困潦倒却装作富足，这些人是不可能固守德操的。”
English: Confucius said:"I doubt I will meet a sage. I would be content to meet a gentleman." Confucius continued:"I doubt I will meet a good man, I would be content to meet a principled man. It is hard for a man to be principled if he lacks capabilities but pretends to have it, or if he lacks knowledge but pretend to be well-versed or lives in poverty but pretends to live in riches."
Verse 26 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子钓而不纲，弋不射宿。
Modern: 孔子钓鱼但不用网捕捞，射猎飞禽但不捕捉夜间归巢栖息的鸟。
English: When fishing, Confucius do not use a net. In fowling, Confucius do not shoot a roosting bird.
Verse 27 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“盖有不知而作之者，我无是也。多闻，择其善者而从之；多见而识之；知之次也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“世间真有那么一些不知其理而妄加作为的人，但是我是不这样做的。广泛地听取各种见解，选择其中好的吸取它；广泛地观察而增加见识，这就是求得知识的方法。”
English: Confucius said:"There are presumably men who innovate without possessing knowledge, but that is not a fault I have. I use my ears widely and follow what is good in what I have heard; I use my eyes widely and retain what I have seen in my mind. Knowledge will follow if we consistently do it.
Verse 28 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 互乡难与言，童子见，门人惑。子曰：“与其进也，不与其退也，唯何甚？人洁己以进，与其洁也，不保其往也。”
Modern: 互乡的人很难与他们交流沟通。但是却有一个互乡的少年求见孔子，而孔子接待了他。弟子们感到困惑不解。孔子说：“我们赞赏他的进步，不赞成他的落后。何必做得太过份呢？如果人能够修正过去的错误，就像洗干净身上的污迹，我们就应该称赞他的进步，给予他进步的机会，而不要死记住他的错误，拒他于门外"
English: It was difficult to communicate with the people of Hu Xiang. So the disciples are perplexed when a boy from Hu Xiang was received. Confucius said:"I am for his progress, not his regression. Is there a need to go to such extent? A person who is willing to correct his mistakes, like a person who cleanses himself, in order to progress, we should give him the chance and not reject him."
Verse 29 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“仁远乎哉？我欲仁，斯仁至矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“仁道距离我们很远吗？只要我诚心向仁，仁就到来了。”
English: Confucius said:"Is benevolence so far away? As long as I sincerely practice benevolence, it will be near."
Verse 30 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 陈司败问：“昭公知礼乎？”孔子曰：“知礼。”孔子退，揖巫马期而进之，曰：“吾闻君子不党，君子亦党乎？君取于吴为同姓，谓之吴孟子。君而知礼，孰不知礼？”巫马期以告。子曰：“丘也幸，苟有过，人必知之。”
Modern: 陈司败问：“鲁昭公知礼仪吗？” 孔子答道：“懂得礼仪。” 孔子离开后， 陈司败揖请巫马期(一)走进自己，说：“我听说君子不偏袒自己人，君子可真不偏袒自己人？鲁昭公娶了吴国同姓女子为妻，叫吴孟子。如果鲁昭公也知道礼仪，那还有谁不知道礼仪？” 巫马期把这些话告诉孔子。孔子说：“我真幸运。只要有过失，别人必定知道。
English: Chen Si Bai asked Confucius:" Does Duke Zhao of State of Lu knows the rites?" Confucius replied:" Yes, he does." Confucius left, and Chen Si Bai beckons Wu Ma Qi(1) to come over and said:"I have heard that a gentleman does not show partiality or is it not? The Duke took a bride, from the State of Wu, who has the same surname as him, thus calling her Wu Meng Zi. If Duke Zhao is versed in the rites, then who else isn't?" Wu Ma Qi told Confucius of what Chen Si Bai said. Confucius commented:"I am truly fortunate. Whenever I make a mistake, other people are sure to see it."
Verse 31 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子与人歌而善，必使反之，而后和之。
Modern: 孔子跟别人唱歌，如果唱得好，必定请他再唱一遍，然后和著唱。
English: In singing, when the song is good, Confucius would request to be repeated then join in the singing.
Verse 32 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“文，莫吾犹人也，躬行君子，则吾未之有得。”
Modern: 孔子说：“文学方面，我没有什么胜过别人，身体力行君子之道，我也没有特别的成就。”
English: Confucius said:"In literature, I am barely comparable to others. But as a practising gentleman, I have had, as yet, no success."
Verse 33 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“若圣与仁，则吾岂敢。抑为之不厌，诲人不倦，则可谓云尔已矣。”公西华曰：“正唯弟子不能学也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“如果说到‘圣人’或‘仁人’，我怎么敢当？我只不过在学习和力行圣和仁道方面从不感到满足，教导人不感到厌倦，就只能如此罢了。” 公西华(一)说：“这就是学生们学不到的。”
English: Confucius said:"I doubt I fit the description of a sage or benevolent man. At most, you can say I strive to be like them with great interest, and teach the way without feeling tired." Gong Xi Hua(1) said:" But that is something, we have not been able to learn from."
Verse 34 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子疾病，子路请祷。子曰：“有诸？”子路对曰：“有之。《诔》曰：‘祷尔于上下神祇。 ’”子曰：“丘之祷久矣。”
Modern: 孔子生病，子路请求为孔子祈祷禳病。孔子问：“有这种道理？” 子路答道：“有，《诔》记载：‘为你向天地神祗祈祷。’。孔子说：“如果有这种事，我已经祈祷很久了。”
English: Confucius was seriously ill. Zi Lu wanted to pray for him. Confucius commented:"Is there such thing as once you finished praying that I will be well?" Zi Lu said:"Yes, The ancient prayer said:'Pray to thee gods and deities.'" Confucius said:"If that is the case, I would have been praying for a long time."
Verse 35 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“奢则不孙，俭则固。与其不孙也，宁固。”
Modern: 孔子说：“过渡奢侈会养成骄横不逊，过分的俭约则固陋。我宁愿固陋，不要骄横不逊。
English: Confucius said:"Extravagance lead to no humility, frugality lead to shabbiness. I would rather be shabby then to have no humility."
Verse 36 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子曰：“君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。”
Modern: 孔子说：“君子心胸宽广坦然，小人则常常局促忧愁。”
English: Confucius said:"A gentleman is magnanimous and nothing to hide. The non-gentleman is always full of worries."
Verse 37 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 7
Original: 子温而厉，威而不猛，恭而安。
Modern: 孔子温和厚道却又严厉，有威严却不可怕，恭敬却又安详。
English: Confucius is mild-mannered but stern, awe-inspiring yet not fearful, respectful yet at ease.

Chapter 8, 泰伯
Verse 1 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 子曰：“泰伯，其可谓至德也已矣。三以天下让，民无得而称焉。”
Modern: 孔子说：“泰伯(一)的品德应该可称得上至高无上。他三次让位给别人，人民都不知如何称颂他。”
English: Confucius said:"Surely Tai Bo(1) can be said to be of the highest virtue. Three times he abdicated the throne, as such people cannot find an appropriate title to commend his deed."
Verse 2 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 子曰：“恭而无礼则劳，慎而无礼则葸，勇而无礼则乱，直而无礼则绞。君子笃于亲，则民兴于仁；故旧不遗，则民不偷。”
Modern: 孔子说：“恭敬却欠缺礼仪，就是徒劳；谨慎却欠缺礼仪，就是畏缩；勇敢欠缺礼仪，就是祸乱；正直欠缺礼仪，就容易引起争执。君子对宗亲笃厚，人民便会效法，而行为会逐渐仁厚；君子不遗弃自己的老朋友或老同事，人民便不会对人冷漠。”
English: Confucius said:"Courtesy without rites is as good as not showing courtesy, prudence without rites is timidity, courage without rites is disorder, honesty without rites is too direct. When the gentleman cherish his family, people are inspired to be benevolence. When the gentleman does not desert his old friends and colleagues, people are inspired to be warm and friendly."
Verse 3 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 曾子有疾，召门弟子曰：“启予足！启予手！《诗》云：‘战战兢兢，如临深渊，如履薄冰。’而今而后，吾知免夫！小子！”
Modern: 曾子(一)病了，召集他的学生到他身边，说：“看看我的手，看看我的脚。《诗经》有说：‘战战兢兢，如临深渊，如履薄冰。’(二) 学生们，从今以后，我可以得到解脱了。”
English: Zeng Zi(1) was seriously ill. He summoned his disciples and said:"Take a look at my hands. Take a look at my feet. In the Odes, it was mentioned:'In fear and trembling, As if approaching a deep abyss, As if walking on thin ice.' Now I can be spared of this feeling."
Verse 4 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 曾子有疾，孟敬子问之。曾子言曰：“鸟之将死，其鸣也哀；人之将死，其言也善。君子所贵乎道者三：动容貌，斯远暴慢矣；正颜色，斯近信矣；出辞气，斯远鄙倍矣。笾豆之事，则有司存。”
Modern: 曾子卧病，孟敬子(一)来探病。曾子说：“鸟即将要死，其鸣叫声充满哀伤的音韵；人即将要死，他说的话都充满深情和善意。君子在待人方面要注意三点：加强学问修养，避免粗暴傲慢的神态，使自己的气质表现得谦和安详；内心平和，态度诚恳，就容易建立起信任和友谊；多考虑措辞和语气，就可避免鄙陋粗野和错误。如此修身持政，政事公正，那么那些芝麻绿豆的琐碎事务，自然不需要分心应付，交由职责部门办理就行了。”
English: Zeng Zi is bedridden, Meng Jing Zi(1) came to visit. Zeng Zi said:"When a bird is about to die, its cry is full of sorrow. When a man is about to die, his words can only be good and truthful. There are three things that a gentleman look out when interacting with people: In moderating countenance, avoid display of bad temper or displeasure. In posture, always show calm and sincerity, to build trust and friendship. In speaking, watch the words and tonality, to avoid misunderstanding or mistakes. By conducting himself in this way, he can better concentrate on working for the greater good and let others handle small matters."
Verse 5 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 曾子曰：“以能问于不能，以多问于寡；有若无，实若虚，犯而不校，昔者吾友，尝从事于斯矣。”
Modern: 曾子说：“虽然有才能，但能够虚心向不如自己全面的人咨询某方面的知识；虽然知识渊博，但能够遇到不懂的地方，及时向人请教；形成了自己的见解和意见，还能像没主见那样，诚恳地听取别人意见；对于解决问题已经胸有成竹，但是还能够谦敬征求别人高见，像自己心中无数似的；虽然因此有时受到不明所以的人轻视或顶撞冒犯也不计较。从前我的朋友就是这样做。”
English: Zeng Zi said:"Although capable, but still consult those not capable. Although very knowledgeable but still get his questioned answered. Although opinion has been formed but still open to more opinions and view. Although the solution has been formed, but still consult others as though one has not been formed. Such behavior although will incur the wrath of some people, but one should not mind. It was towards this behavior that my friend used to direct his efforts."
Verse 6 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 曾子曰：“可以托六尺之孤，可以寄百里之命，临大节而不可夺也，君子人与？君子人也！”
Modern: 曾子说：“能够托付未成年的幼君，能够代理之国的政务，面临生死存亡的关头不动摇，是君子的行为吗？是君子!"
English: Zeng Zi said:"The man who can be charged with the care of a young emperor, manage country affairs, and do not waver under dire circumstances. Can he be called a gentleman? Indeed he can!"
Verse 7 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 曾子曰：“士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远。仁以为己任，不亦重乎？死而后已，不亦远乎？”
Modern: 曾子说：“读书人不能不心胸宽广、意志坚定，因为所承担的责任深重、前程远大。以仁德为己任，难道不深重吗？毕生奋斗，直到死去才停止，难道不够远吗？”
English: Zeng Zi said:"A scholar must be strong and resolute for his burden is long and journey is long. Practicing and spreading the teaching benevolence, is that not a heavy responsibility? And this responsibility has to be carried till death, is that journey not long?"
Verse 8 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 子曰：“兴于《诗》，立于礼，成于乐。”
Modern: 孔子说：“德性的修养从《诗》开始，依靠礼仪立足于世间，经过音乐的熏陶实之达到和谐完美。”
English: Confucius said:"Be cultivated by the Odes, establish yourself with rites and be perfected by music."
Verse 9 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 子曰：“民可使，由之，不可使，知之。”
Modern: 孔子说：“老百姓，可以让他们按照我们的指令去做，却不能让他们懂得为什么要这样做。”
English: Confucius said:"The people may be made to follow, but should not be made to know."
Verse 10 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 子曰：“好勇疾贫，乱也；人而不仁，疾之已甚，乱也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“好勇斗力，厌恶贫穷，这是引起祸乱的根源；人如果没有包容一切的仁德，疾恶过甚，则必生乱。”
English: Confucius said:"Belligerent and deploring poverty can lead to disorder. If one is not benevolent enough and have too much hatred can lead to disorder as well."
Verse 11 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 子曰：“如有周公之才之美，使骄且吝，其余不足观也已。”
Modern: 孔子说：“一个人即使有如周公的才华，但是他骄傲且吝啬，纵然其他方面再好，也没有什么可观之处。”(一)
English: Confucius said:"Even if one has the fine talents of Emperor Zhou, if he is arrogant and stingy, his qualities would not be noteworthy." (1)
Verse 12 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 子曰：“三年学，不至于谷(一)，不易得也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“读书三年，还不想做官，这种人很难得。”
English: Confucius said:"It is not easy to find a man who can study for three years without thinking about earning a salary."
Verse 13 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
English: Confucius said:"Have a firm faith, devote yourself to learning, uphold moral and ethics. Enter not a state that is in peril; stay not in a state that is in danger. When there is political stability, be visible. When there is political instability, stay secluded. When the state is prosperous, being in poverty is something to be ashamed of. When there is political chaos in the state, being rich and high positioned is something to be ashamed of."
Modern: 孔子说:"坚守自己的信念，热心向学，固守自己的德操。不进入政局动荡危险的国家，不再纲纪紊乱的国家居住。天下太平则出仕，政事混乱则隐居。国家兴盛，处于贫贱是可耻，国家腐败，处于富贵是可耻。”
Original: 子曰：“笃信好学，守死善道。危邦不入，乱邦不居。天下有道则见，无道则隐。邦有道，贫且贱焉，耻也；邦无道，富且贵焉，耻也。”
Verse 14 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 子曰：“不在其位，不谋其政。”
Modern: 孔子说：“不处在那个位子，就不谋划有关的事务。”
English: Confucius said:"When not in a position, do not be involved with the affairs of the position."
Verse 15 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 子曰：“师挚之始。《关雎》之乱，洋洋乎盈耳哉！”
Modern: 孔子说：“当鲁国的师挚(一)演奏，直到结为演奏《关雎》(二)之曲，多么丰盛悦耳！”
English: Confucius said:"From when the music master start playing, till the conclusion of 'Guan Sui'(1), very exhilarating to the ears!"
Verse 16 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 子曰：“狂而不直，侗而不愿，悾空而不信，吾不知之矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“狂妄而不直率，无知却不老实，浅薄无识却不讲信用，我实在不能理解这众人为什么要这样做。”
English: Confucius said:"Unrestrained and yet dishonest, ignorant and yet not conscientious, devoid of ability and yet not trustworthy, these people are beyond my understanding."
Verse 17 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 子曰：“学如不及，犹恐失之。”
Modern: 孔子说：“深入学习的人总是感到自己的能力不及，对于时间的流逝感到紧迫，唯恐失去机会而落在后面而被淘汰。”
English: Confucius said:"Learn as if you are behind, grasp time tightly as if it is slipping away so fast that you may fall behind and never catch up again. "
Verse 18 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 子曰：“巍巍乎，舜、禹之有天下也而不与焉！”
Modern: 孔子说：“伟大啊！舜和禹(一)得到了天下，却谦恭礼让，以德而治。
English: Confucius said:"How magnificent! Shun and Yu (1) had the ultimate power, yet they still rule with benevolence."
Verse 19 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 子曰：“大哉尧之为君也！巍巍乎！唯天为大，唯尧则之，荡荡乎，民无能名焉。巍巍乎其有成功也，焕乎其有文章！”
Modern: 孔子说：“多么伟大啊！尧帝！多么崇高！只有上天最伟大，也只有尧帝能效法。尧的恩惠真是博大浩荡呀！百姓找不到恰当的词语来称颂赞美他。伟大呵他的事业；光辉呵他的礼乐法度。”
English: Confucius said:" Great indeed was Yao(1) as a lord! The heaven is that great and only Yao can match up to it! People has no words to describe the great deeds he has done. How magnificent his accomplishment were! How glorious his cultural pursuits were!"
Verse 20 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
Original: 舜有臣五人而天下治。武王曰：“予有乱臣十人。”孔子曰：“才难，不其然乎？唐虞之际，于斯为盛。有妇人焉，九人而已。三分天下有其二，以服事殷。周之德， 其可谓至德也已矣。”
Modern: 帝舜有五位次贤臣，所以天下太平。周武王说：“我有十位贤臣。” 孔子说：“人才难求，难道不是吗？唐尧、虞舜时代之后，与周五王的时代最是人才济济。可是十人中，有一位是妇人，所以实际上只有九人罢了；当初周文王三分天下拥有其中之二，却仍以臣子之礼侍奉殷商，周文王的德义，可以说是做到了至仁至义了。”
English: Shun has five great officials and thus he is able to govern well. Emperor Wu said:"I have ten great officials." Confucius said:"Indeed, talent is hard to find, is it not true? Following the time of Yao and Shun, talents are now plentiful. Yet one of the ten was a woman, so in actual fact there is nine. When Emperor Wen ruled two thirds of the empire, he still serve the Emperor of Shang Dynasty. Such virtue of Emperor Wu is indeed magnificent."
Verse 21 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 8
English: Confucius said:"I can find no fault of Yu(1). He ate and drank sparingly yet offers the best for offerings during rites. He wear worn out clothes yet donned the best ceremonial attire. He lived in the worst dwellings, and yet spend all his time in supervising irrigation projects, to the benefits of people. I can find no fault of Yu.
Modern: 孔子说：“我对帝禹没有任何批评。吃得饭菜粗疏，祭品却办得很丰盛；穿的衣服破旧，祭礼的礼服却做得十分讲究华美；居住的房子简陋窄小，却把力量完全用在农田水利上。我对帝禹没有任何批评。”
Original: 子曰：“禹，吾无间然矣。菲饮食而致孝乎鬼神，恶衣服而致美乎黼冕，卑宫室而尽力乎沟洫。禹，吾无间然矣。”

Chapter 9, 子罕
Verse 1 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 罕言利、与命、与仁。
Modern: 孔子平日甚少谈论利这回事，只与天命、仁德为伍。
English: Confucius seldom spoke of benefits. He ascribed to destiny and benevolence.
Verse 2 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 达巷党人曰：“大哉孔子，博学而无所成名。”子闻之，谓门弟子曰：“吾何执？执御(一)乎，执射(一)乎？吾执御矣。”
Modern: 达巷党的人说：“孔子多么伟大啊！学识渊博可是却没有成就名声。”孔子听到后，对弟子说：“我应该专攻什么？专攻驾车？专攻射箭？我还是专攻驾车好了。”
English: People from Da Xiang Tang said:"Confucius is great indeed. He has extensive learning but has not establish a name for himself." Confucius, upon hearing it, told his disciples:"To what should I concentrate on? On Charioteering(1)? On Archery(1)? I shall concentrate on Charioteering."
Verse 3 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“麻冕，礼也；今也纯，俭，吾从众。拜下，礼也；今拜乎上，泰也。虽违众，吾从下。”
Modern: 孔子说：“用麻料编织礼帽，是合乎礼仪；现在却用丝做，比较节俭；我依从大家的做法。在堂下拜谒，合乎礼仪；现在却在堂上拜谒，实在随便；虽然与众人的做法相反，我还是在堂下拜谒。”
English: Confucius said:"A ceremonial headdress of flax is prescribed by rites. Now silk is used instead which is more economical, thus I follow the majority. The rules of the ceremony prescribe greeting before entering the hall. Now greeting is done after entering the hall. That is casual. Though it is against the majority, I still follow the practice of greeting before entering the hall."
Verse 4 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子绝四：毋意，毋必，毋固，毋我。
Modern: 孔子拒绝四种行为：不凭空揣测、不武断、不固执偏见、不自以为是。
English: Confucius rejects the four behaviors: no speculation, no arbitrary predetermination, no obstinacy or biasness and no egoism.
Verse 5 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子畏于匡，曰：“文王既没，文不在兹乎？天之将丧斯文也，后死者不得与于斯文也；天之未丧斯文也，匡人其如予何？”
Modern: 孔子在匡邑被囚禁。孔子说：“文王已经去世久了，难道礼乐文化就将在这里失传了吗？天若要灭着文化，我死后的人，便不会接触此文化。天若要此文化流传于世，那匡邑的人又能把我怎么样？”
English: Confucius was locked up in Kuang. Confucius said:"With the death of Emperor Wen, has culture ceased to exist? If heaven wants culture to be perished, then those who come after me would not be able to experience it. If heaven wants the culture to be preserved, what can the people in Kuang do to me?"
Verse 6 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 太宰问于子贡曰：“夫子圣者与？何其多能也？” 子贡曰：“固天纵之将圣，又多能也。” 子闻之，曰：“太宰知我乎！吾少也贱，故多能鄙事。君子多乎哉？不多也！” 牢曰：“子云：‘吾不试，故艺。’”
Modern: 太宰(一)问子贡曰：“先生真是圣人吧，为什么他那样多才多艺？” 子贡答道：“上天本来就要使他成为圣人，让他多才多艺。” 孔子听到后，说：“太宰哪里能够了解我。我出生贫贱，所以必须学会那些琐碎的劳作事务。君子需要很多技能吗？不必。” 子开(二)说：“孔子说过：‘我不曾被国家所用，所以学得一些技艺。’”
English: A high ranking officer asks Zi Gong:"Isn't your Master a sage? How is it that he has so many abilities?" Zi Gong replied:" Because heaven wants to make him a sage, with many talents." Confucius on hearing this, said:"The official does not know me well. I was of lowly station when young. So I am skilled in menial matters. Should a gentleman have many abilities? I do not think so." Zi Kai(1) said:"Confucius said:'I was not recruited into office, thus I picked up some skill.'"
Verse 7 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“吾有知乎哉？无知也。有鄙夫问于我，空空如也。我叩其两端而竭焉。
Modern: 孔子说：“我很有智慧吗？其实我并没有智慧。如果有一个卑陋无知的人问我问题，我觉得自己是什么也不知道的。但我会将事物正反两面尽我所知告诉他，竭力把问题解决。”
English: Confucius said:"Do I have wisdom? No, I do not have. If someone is to ask me a question, I do not think I would be able to answer. But I will point out two sides of the problem, to help him solve the problem."
Verse 8 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“凤鸟不至，河不出图，吾已矣夫！”
Modern: 孔子说：“凤凰(一)不再飞来了，黄河不再出现图像(二)。我完了。”
English: Confucius said:"The phoenix(1) is not coming. The River has not show any patterns(2). My end is near."
Verse 9 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子见齐衰者、冕衣裳者与瞽者，见之，虽少，必作；过之，必趋。
Modern: 孔子看见穿丧服的人、戴礼帽礼服的人或失明的人，即使是比他年轻的，孔子也会庄肃站起来；经过这些人面前，也会加快脚步。
English: When Confucius see men in mourning attire, men in ceremonial headdress and costume or the blind, he would rise up even if they were younger than him. And when passing by them, he would quicken his pace.
Verse 10 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 颜渊喟然叹曰：“仰之弥高，钻之弥坚。瞻之在前，忽焉在后。夫子循循然善诱人，博我以文，约我以礼。欲罢不能，既竭吾才，如有所立卓尔，虽欲从之，末由也已。”
Modern: 颜渊唉声长叹，道：“仰望更加高远，钻研更加艰深；看去好像在前面，忽然又如在后面。老师善于循序渐进地引导学生，用各种文献来使我知识渊博，又用礼节来约束我的行为，使我想停止学习也不可能。我已竭尽我的才智，好像卓然而立能有所成就，然而向要追随他，却还是没有办法。”
English: Yan Yuan sighed and lamented:"Looking up, it is even higher. Analyse deeper, it become even more difficult to understand. Seeing it in front, and suddenly it is behind. The Master guides and steer us to goodness, use many works to broaden our knowledge and restrain us with propriety．Wishing to stop yet unable,having done my best, it seems such awesome height, that even if I want to follow, but I cannot do much."
Verse 11 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子疾病，子路使门人为臣。病间，曰：“久矣哉，由之行诈也！无臣而为有臣。吾谁欺，欺天乎！且予与其死于臣之手也，无宁死于二三子之手乎！且予纵不得大葬，予死于道路乎？”
Modern: 孔子病得很重，子路请同学当孔子家臣．孔子的病渐渐好转后，说：“很久以前，仲由已经有这种欺诈行为吧。虽然没有家臣，却装作有家臣。我能欺骗谁？欺骗上天吗？况且与其死在家臣手上，我宁可死在学生手上。况且我纵使不会有盛大葬礼，也不会死在大路吧？”
English: Confucius was seriously ill. Zi Lu asked disciples to be family officials. When Confucius is better, he said:"You's conduct is deceptive, to have family officials when I do not have. Who am I trying to deceive? Deceive heaven? I would rather die in the hands of my pupils than in the hands of family officials. Even if I am denied a grand funeral, would I die by the roadside?"
Verse 12 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子贡曰：“有美玉于斯，韫椟而藏诸？求善贾而沽诸？”子曰：“沽之哉！沽之哉！我待贾者也。”
Modern: 子贡说：“假如我有一块么玉，应该收在柜子里藏起来？还是求个好价，卖出去？” 孔子说：“卖掉吧！卖掉吧！我正等待出好价的人。”
English: Zi Gong said:"If I have a piece of beautiful jade, should I keep it in the drawers? Or should I sought around for a good offer?" Confucius said:"Sell it. Sell it! I for one awaits an offer."
Verse 13 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子欲居九夷。或曰：“陋，如之何？”子曰：“君子居之，何陋之有？”
Modern: 孔子想到九夷之地居住。有人问：“那儿的人粗陋，如何能长住？” 孔子答道：“有君主住在那里，又怎么会粗陋呢？”
English: Confucius wish to live with one of the barbaric tribes. Someone asked:"The people there are uncouth, can you put up with their uncouth ways?" Confucius replied:"Once a gentleman settles among them, what uncouthness would there be?"
Verse 13 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子欲居九夷。或曰：“陋，如之何？”子曰：“君子居之，何陋之有？”
Modern: 孔子想到九夷之地居住。有人问：“那儿的人粗陋，如何能长住？” 孔子答道：“有君主住在那里，又怎么会粗陋呢？”
English: Confucius wish to live with one of the barbaric tribes. Someone asked:"The people there are uncouth, can you put up with their uncouth ways?" Confucius replied:"Once a gentleman settles among them, what uncouthness would there be?"
Verse 14 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“吾自卫反鲁，然后乐正，《雅》、《颂》各得其所。”
Modern: 孔子说：“我从卫国返回鲁国，然后将礼乐修订校正，《雅》(一)、《颂》(二)都得到修整，各得其所。”
English: Confucius said:"I return from State of Wei to State of Lu. I have edited Music Ya(1) and Music Song(2) appropriately, in their rightful manner."
Verse 15 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“出则事公卿，入则事父兄，丧事不敢不勉，不为酒困，何有于我哉。”
Modern: 孔子说：“出外尽力侍奉君主、公卿，在家尽力侍奉父母、兄长，哀丧祭奠不敢不勉力而为，平日不因酒醉而误事，在我来说还有何难？”
English: Confucius said:"When working, be of service to high ranking officials. At home be of service to parents and elder siblings. Do not be lax in matters of mourning. Do not create troubles because of drinking. Indeed what difficulty is there?"
Verse 16 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子在川上曰：“逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜！”
Modern: 孔子面对川流不息的河水叹息道：“逝去的，就像这样逝去吧，昼夜不停息。”
English: Confucius was by a river, he said:"What has passed will passed, like this, going through day and night without pausing."
Verse 17 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“吾未见好德如好色者也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“我从来没有见过喜欢道德像喜欢美色一样。”
English: Confucius said:" I have not seen someone who is as fond of virtue as he is of beauty of woman."
Verse 18 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“譬如为山，未成一篑，止，吾止也。譬如平地，虽覆一篑，进，吾往也。”
Modern: 孔子曰：“譬如用土去堆山，仅仅差一箩筐的土就可大功告成，却停止不做了，这是我自己要停下来的。又譬如在平地上，虽然才刚刚倒了一箩筐的土，然而这样往上堆，也是我自己决定要继续的！”
English: Confucius said:"As in the case of making a mound, if, before the very last basketful, I stop, then it is because of my choice. As in the case of levelling the ground, if, though after tipping only one basketful, I am going forward, then it because of my choice.
Verse 19 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“语之而不惰者，其回也与。”
Modern: 孔子说：“听我说话，能够聚精会神，始终不怠惰的，只有颜回。”
English: Confucius said:"If anyone can listen to me with unflagging attention, it is Yan Hui."
Verse 20 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子谓颜渊曰：“惜乎！吾见其进也，未见其止也！”
Modern: 孔子谈到颜渊，说：“真可惜！我见到他进取，却从来没有见过他停止。”
English: Confucius said of Yan Yuan:"What a pity. I saw him advance. I have never seen him stop."
Verse 21 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“苗而不秀者有矣夫！秀而不实者有矣夫！”
Modern: 孔子说：“有长了苗却不开花这一回事，也有开了花却不结果这一回事。”
English: Confucius said:"There are young plants that fail to produce blossoms, and blossoms that fail to produce fruit."
Verse 22 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“后生可畏，焉知来者之如今也？四十五十而无闻焉，斯亦不足畏也已。”
Modern: 孔子说：“年轻人真是叫人畏惧。怎么能断定他将来不会赶上现在的人？四十、五十岁还默默无闻的人，是不足为惧的。”
English: Confucius said:"It is fitting that we should hold the young in awe. Who can say, for sure, that the future generations will not be equal to those of the present generation? Only when a man has reach his forties or fifties without distinguishing himself, then he should not be held in awe."
Verse 22 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“后生可畏，焉知来者之如今也？四十五十而无闻焉，斯亦不足畏也已。”
Modern: 孔子说：“年轻人真是叫人畏惧。怎么能断定他将来不会赶上现在的人？四十、五十岁还默默无闻的人，是不足为惧的。”
English: Confucius said:"It is fitting that we should hold the young in awe. Who can say, for sure, that the future generations will not be equal to those of the present generation? Only when a man has reach his forties or fifties without distinguishing himself, then he should not be held in awe."
Verse 23 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“法语之言，能无从乎？改之为贵。巽与之言，能无说乎？绎之为贵。说而不绎，从而不改，吾末如之何也已矣。”
Modern: 孔子说：“听到严正告诫的话，能够不听从吗？能够比照反省、改过自新，才是难能可贵的。听到奉承赞美的话，能够不乐意听取吗？对于听到的话能够多加思索，才是难能可贵的。盲目高兴而不多加思索，表面顺从却不改正；我对这样的人实在失望。”
English: Confucius said:"Can severe words of advice not be followed？The value lies in reforming. Can nice compliments not be pleasing? The value lies in assessment. To be pleased without assessment, to follow but without reform, I am disappointed with such people."
Verse 24 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“主忠信，毋友不如己者，过则勿惮改。”
Modern: 孔子说：“行事当以忠信为主。莫和不如己的人交友。有了过失，不要怕更改。”
English: Confucius said:"One should advocate loyalty and trustworthiness. Do not be friends with people who are not as good as you. When one makes a mistake, do not be afraid to correct it."
Verse 25 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。”
Modern: 孔子说：“可以很轻易的夺走三军的统帅，但一个人的志向却不是那么轻易夺走的。”
English: Confucius said:"We can deprived the army from its chief commanding officer easily, but a common man cannot be deprived of his aspirations."
Verse 26 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“衣敝温袍，与衣狐貉者立，而不耻者，其由也与。‘不忮不求，何用不臧？’”子路终身诵之。子曰：“是道也，何足以臧？”
Modern: 孔子说：“穿这破旧的袍子，与同穿着狐貉皮裘衣的人站在一起，也不觉得可耻，只有仲由吧？『不忮不求，何用不臧？』(一)” 子路终生念着这两句诗。孔子说：“能够做到这样原本就是道义，何足称赞表扬。”
English: Confucius said:"Clothed in shabby clothes and yet unashamed to stand with men in furs. Only Zhong You(2) can do it.'Neither envious nor covetous, how can he not be praised?'(1)" Zi Lu(2) recites them all his life. Confucius said:"This is how the Way is, is there a need for praise?"
Verse 27 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也！”
Modern: 孔子说：“只有经过严寒的季节，才知道松树、柏树凋零得最晚。”
English: Confucius said:"Only when the cold season comes, then we know the pine tree and the cypress are the last to lose their leaves."
Verse 28 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“知者不惑，仁者不忧，勇者不惧。”
Modern: 孔子说：“有智慧的人没疑惑，有仁德的人没烦忧，勇敢的人无所畏惧。”
English: Confucius said:"The wise has no delusion, the benevolent has no worries, the brave has no fears."
Verse 29 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: 子曰：“可与共学，未可与适道；可与适道，未可与立；可与立，未可与权。”
Modern: 孔子说：“可以一起学习，未必志同道合；志同道合，未必同心同德；同心同德，未必能够分享成就。”
English: Confucius said:"Good partners in learning does not mean their belief is the same. Their belief is the same does not mean their values are the same. Even if their value is the same, does not mean they are able to share their accomplishment together."
Verse 30 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 9
Original: “唐棣之华偏其反而。岂不尔思？室是远尔。”(一)子曰：“未之思也夫何远之有。”
Modern: “唐棣花开，翩翩地舞动。怎么会不思念，只是家乡太遥远！” 孔子说：“恐怕本来就没有思念过。如果真的思念，那么还会感到遥远吗？”
English: "Oh how the flower blossom and dance! How can I not think of home, but it is far." Confucius commented:"Perhaps he is not really missing his home. If he is, the distance would not matter."

Chapter 10, 乡党
Verse 1 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 孔子于乡党，恂恂如也，似不能言者。其在宗庙朝庭，便便言，唯谨尔。
Modern: 孔子回到家乡，非常恭顺，好像不善言辞一样。而他到宗庙祭祀或朝廷政议的时候，却滔滔不绝，但言辞谨慎。
English: When Confucius is back to his hometown, he was unassuming and seemed inarticulate. In the ancestral temple and at court, though fluent, he speak with prudence.
Verse 2 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 朝，与下大夫言，侃侃如也；与上大夫言，訚訚如也。君在，踧踖如也，与与如也。
Modern: 在朝廷议事，同官阶较低的官员谈话，态度直率，辞色温和。同官阶较高的官员谈话，态度从容、言辞和悦。国君临朝，言行恭敬，泰然自若。
English: In court, he conversed cordially with junior officials; conversed formally with senior officials. In the presence of the lord, he was polite and composed.
Verse 3 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 君召使摈，色勃如也，足躩如也。揖所与立，左右手，衣前后，襜如也。趋进，翼如也。宾退，必复命曰：“宾不顾矣。”
Modern: 国君接见外宾，孔子出任接待的礼宾官，他仪容庄重，行动敏捷，向站在一起的人作揖，左作揖，右作揖。衣裳府仰摆动，潇洒飘逸。趋步前行，姿态优雅美好就像鸟儿舒展翅膀。接见结束，宾客告辞，送其离去，他一定向国君回报说：“宾客已经送走了。”
English: Confucius was tasked by his lord to be the usher for his guests. During ushering, Confucius wears a serious look and his step became brisk. He would bowed to those standing with him, stretching out his hands to the left or to the right, his robes followed his movements without being disarranged. He went forward with quickened steps, as though he was gliding on wings. After the seeing off the guest, he invariably reported:"The guest has left."
Verse 4 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 入公门，鞠躬如也，如不容。立不中门，行不履阈。过位，色勃如也，足躩如也，其言似不足者。摄齐升堂，鞠躬如也，屏气似不息者。出，降一等，逞颜色，怡怡如也。没阶，趋进，翼如也。复其位，踧踖如也。
Modern: 孔子走进朝廷大门，仪容恭敬、谦逊，好像自己没有容身之处。不在门中间站立停留；进门时不踩门槛。从国君的御座前面经过，肃穆恭敬，快步无声，其神态表示自己卑微，不应该从此处而过。提起衣服的下摆向堂上走，弯腰低头，显得恭敬。憋住气就像不呼吸似的。出来时，走下一级台阶，脸色才舒展开来，现出和顺的样子。拾级而下，神态渐趋放松，恢复正常。合悦从容，温文尔雅。下完台阶，快步而行，衣袖飘飘如羽，回到自己的位置，方始渐渐恢复恭敬安详的神态。
English: On going through the outer gates to his lord's court, Confucius drew himself in, as though the entrance was too small to admit him. When he stood, he did not occupy the centre of the gateway; when he walked, he did not step on the threshold. When he went past the seat of his lord, his face took on a serious expression, his step became brisk, and behaves as if he is not fit to walk past. When he lifted the hem of his robe to ascend the hall, he drew himself in, stopped inhaling as if he had no need to breathe. When he had come out and descended the first step, relaxing his expression, he seemed no longer to be tense. When he had reached the bottom of the steps he went forward with quickened steps as though he was gliding on wings. When he resumed his station, his bearing was respectful.
Verse 5 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 执圭，鞠躬如也，如不胜。上如揖，下如授。勃如战色，足蹜蹜如有循。享礼，有容色。私觌，愉愉如也。
Modern: 执圭(一)出使邻国，参加典礼，恭敬谨慎，似乎感到不能胜任一样。执圭中正，仪容肃穆，小步谨慎前行，好像按着预先规定的尺度行走。在互赠礼物的仪式上，面容谦和。和邻国君臣以个人名义会见，仪容和悦欢愉。
English: Holding the Gui(1), Confucius bowed respectfully as though he is not qualified, he held the Gui at the correct height, wears a serious look and walk at measured pace. When gifts are presented, he appeared humble. And when meeting the officials of the state in his own capacity, he is amiable.
Verse 6 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 君子不以绀緅饰，红紫不以为亵服。当暑，袗絺绤，必表而出之。缁衣，羔裘；素衣，麑裘；黄衣，狐裘。亵裘长，短右袂。必有寝衣，长一身有半。狐貉之厚以居。去丧，无所不佩。非帷裳，必杀之。羔裘玄冠不以吊。吉月，必朝服而朝。
Modern: 君子不用深紫色作衣服缀饰，不用红、紫色做便服。当暑热时，穿细葛布或粗葛布做的单衣；但是必定加上外衣，才出门。黑衣佩黑羔裘，白衣佩白麑裘，黄衣佩黄狐裘。便服要长，右边的袖子要短。必定有睡觉穿的衣服，长度是身长再加一半。狐貉的厚皮毛用来作坐垫。服丧期满才佩戴服饰。祭祀穿的礼服要裁减得体。黑色羔裘，黑色冠冕，不穿去吊丧。每月初一，比穿朝服上朝。
English: A gentleman does not have robes trimmed in dark purple and red, and casual clothing in red and purple. In hot weather, he wears an unlined flaxen robe, donning another robe outside. Under a black robe, he wears black lambskin; under an undyed robe, fawnskin; under a yellow robe, fox fur. His casual clothes are long with short right sleeves. His sleeping robes are long, one and a half times of body length. Thick furs of fox and racoon-dog are for seatings. No accessories during mourning, ceremonial clothings have perfect cuttings. He does not wear black lambskin or black headdress when attending a funeral. On the first day of each month, he wears court attire and attends court.
Verse 7 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 齐，必有明衣，布。齐必变食，居必迁坐。
Modern: 斋戒前，一定先沐浴，穿戴素色衣服。斋戒时，一定改变饮食，不饮酒，不茹荤，搬移到洁净安静的房间。
English: Before abstinence, one should clean his body and wear clothes made from plain cloth. During abstinence, there will alway be a change in diet, no drinking and strictly vegetarian. And abstinence have to be carried out in a quiet and clean room.
Verse 8 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 食不厌精，脍不厌细。食饐而鍻，鱼馁而肉败，不食。色恶，不食。臭恶，不食。失饪，不食。不时，不食。割不正，不食。不得其酱，不食。 肉虽多，不使胜食气。唯酒无量，不及乱。沽酒市脯不食。不撤姜食，不多食。祭于公，不宿肉。祭肉不出三日。出三日，不食之矣。食不语，寝不言。虽疏食菜羹，瓜祭，必齐如也。
Modern: 虽然有最好的食物，不会吃得过饱。虽然有最好的肉，不会吃得过饱。食物霉烂发臭，鱼腐、肉坏，不吃。颜色难看，不吃。气味臭恶，不吃。烹调不当，不吃。不是吃的时间，不吃。不按正确方法宰割的肉，不吃。没有适合的浆料，不吃。肉虽然多，不要吃得过量。只有酒不限量，但不可饮酒到出乱子。在街上买的旧或肉，不吃。不撤去姜料，但也不多吃。公祭的肉，不留过夜。家祭的祭肉，不留超过三天。过了三天，便不吃。吃饭的时候，就寝的时候不说话。虽然只是粗茶淡饭，也得献祭，而且必须庄严肃穆的样子。
English: Do not eat to the fill, even if the food are the finest. Do not eat to the fill, even if the meat at the best cuts. Do not eat food that has turned or smell bad, for example fish that has spoiled or meat that has gone bad. Do not eat what looks bad. Do not eat what smells bad. Do not eat what is poorly cooked. Do not eat at times not designated for meals. Do not eat what is not correctly cut. Do not eat without appropriate sauce. Even when the meat is plentiful, it should not overshadow the staples. Drink in moderate amounts. Do not have wine or meat purchased from the marketplace. Even when if the side dish of ginger is not cleared from the table, do not eat more than was proper. Do not keep meat that are used as offerings, overnight. Sacrificial meat should not be kept for more than three days, otherwise do not eat it. Do not converse while eating. Do not talk when abed. Even a simple meal of soup and vegetables , always make a solemn offering.
Verse 9 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 席不正，不坐。
Modern: 座席摆放不端正，不坐。
English: When the sitting mat is not put properly, do not sit.
Verse 10 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 乡人饮酒，杖者出，斯出矣。乡人傩，朝服而立于阼阶。
Modern: 乡邻们聚集饮酒，饮酒后，必定先礼送长者离开，让后才依次站起来离开。乡下的人举行驱逐疫鬼的风俗活动，就穿起官服恭敬的在东边的阶梯站立(一).
English: After a drinking session for the village, the elders will depart first before the rest does. When the villagers perform exorcism activities, they would wear court attire and stand at the eastern steps(1).
Verse 11 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 问人于他邦，再拜而送之。康子馈药，拜而受之。曰：“丘未达，不敢尝。”
Modern: 孔子派人到别的国家向朋友问候，送行时再三拜谢使者。季康子(一)馈赠药物，孔子拜谢后接受，说：“我不了解药性功能，所以不敢尝，请谅解。”
English: Confucius dispatched someone to inquire about friends from neighbouring state. Before the messenger left, he bowed repeatedly to him. When Ji Kang Zi(1) send Confucius some medicine, he bowed, accepted it and said:"Please pardon me, since I do not have any medical knowledge, I do not dare to try it."
Verse 12 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 厩焚。子退朝，曰：“伤人乎？”不问马。
Modern: 马棚失火。孔子从朝廷回来，问：“伤到人了吗？” 不问马匹是否受到损失。
English: The stable caught fire. Confucius retired from court, on hearing it, asked:"Is anyone hurt?" He did not ask about the horses.
Verse 13 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 君赐食，必正席先尝之；君赐腥，必熟而荐之；君赐生，必畜之。侍食于君，君祭，先饭。疾，君视之，东首，加朝服，拖绅。君命召，不俟驾行矣。
Modern: 国君赏赐食物，必先摆置正席而品尝。君主赏赐的肉，必先烹煮了，供奉先祖。君主赏赐牲畜，一定要养着它。在旁边侍奉陪伴君王饮食，君王祭告，这先为君王尝食。生病时，君王来探病，头要朝东边，把上朝的礼服披盖在身上，托着大带。君主命令召见，不等马车驾好便出发。
English: When bestowed food by the lord, placed it at the main seat for eating. When bestowed meat by the lord, cook it first and use it as an offering to ancestors. When bestowed livestock by the lord, always rear it. In attendance to the lord during meals, when the lord is making an offering, try the food first. In illness, when the lord comes to visit, lie with the head facing east, covered in court attire and draped with sash. When summoned by the lord, rush out without waiting for the horse carriage.
Verse 14 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 入太庙，每事问。
Modern: 进太庙，遇事辄问。
English: On entering the Grand Temple, asked about every details.
Verse 15 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 朋友死，无所归，曰：“于我殡。” 朋友之馈，虽车马，非祭肉不拜。
Modern: 朋友去世，无亲人，孔子说：“我负责殡葬事务。” 朋友送的东西，即使是车辆马匹，只要不是祭肉，接受的时候不会行大礼。
English: When a friend without family died, Confucius said:"Let me take care of his funeral matters." For gifts from friends, even carriages and horses, as long as it is not meat that has been used for offering, he did not bow.
Verse 16 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 寝不尸，居不容。见齐衰者，虽狎，必变。见冕者与瞽者，虽亵，必以貌。凶服者，式之，式负版者。有盛馔，必变色而作。迅雷风烈、必变。
Modern: 就寝时不伸开手脚；居家时仪容自然，不刻意修饰。看见穿丧服的人，虽然平素来往亲近，也一定整肃容颜。看见穿着盛服的过官员或盲人，即使很熟悉，必定以礼貌相待。看见穿孝服的人，便扶着车前横木以致同情。见到背负国家地图、户籍、典册的人，必以手扶着车前横木表示敬意。出席盛大的宴会，必定向主人致以礼敬。如果忽起大风、迅雷、大雨，则必定肃容以待。
English: When in bed, do not stretch out in repose. At home do not assume the manner of a guest. On seeing a man in mourning attire, even though familiar, always assume a solemn expression. One seeing a man in ceremonial attire or a blind man, even though familiar, always assume a courteous manner. Seeing a man in mourning attire，lean forward, placing the hand on the carriage cross-bar as a form of offering condolences. Seeing a carrier of official documents, do the same thing but it would be a mark of respect. When attending a grand feast, be sure to offer thanks to the host. And there is a thunderstorm or strong winds, always assume a solemn expression.
Verse 17 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 升车，必正立执绥。车中，不内顾，不疾言，不亲指。
Modern: 上车，一定端正站立，手挽绳索。车在行走中，不回头顾盼，不高谈阔论，不指划。
English: When ascending the carriage, always stand properly and hold on to the mounting cord. Inside the carriage, do not look back, do not speak loudly and do not point.
Verse 18 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
English: Confucius was at the countryside. Startled, the birds took flight, and circled around before alighting altogether. Confucius said:"These pheasants knows when to there is danger. World-wise indeed! World-wise indeed!" Zi Lu cupped one hand in the other in a gesture of respect towards the bird.
Modern: 孔子来到郊外，飞鸟见到有人，便高高的飞起在空中，回旋翱翔，经过观察后，又飞降下来，停集在一起，嗅啄寻觅。孔子说：“山野里的鸟儿尚且知道逃避危险，识时务呀！识时务呀！” 子路向它们拱手致礼。
Original: 色斯举矣，翔而后集。曰：“山梁雌雉，时哉时哉！”子路共之，三嗅而作。
Verse 19 of Analects of Confucius Chapter 10
Original: 色斯举矣，翔而后集。曰：“山梁雌雉，时哉时哉！”子路共之，三嗅而作。
Modern: 孔子来到郊外，飞鸟见到有人，便高高的飞起在空中，回旋翱翔，经过观察后，又飞降下来，停集在一起，嗅啄寻觅。孔子说：“山野里的鸟儿尚且知道逃避危险，识时务呀！识时务呀！” 子路向它们拱手致礼。
English: Confucius was at the countryside. Startled, the birds took flight, and circled around before alighting altogether. Confucius said:"These pheasants knows when to there is danger. World-wise indeed! World-wise indeed!" Zi Lu cupped one hand in the other in a gesture of respect towards the bird.